吉林省公主岭市白蚁危害房屋现状分析

Analysis of the present conditions on the building damage caused by termites in Gongzhuling city Jilin Province

目的了解吉林省公主岭市白蚁种类及危害。方法对吉林省公主岭市东三街民安委房屋白蚁危害现场进行了实地调查。结果危害白蚁种类为栖北散白蚁。民安委白蚁发生率按户数为0.7%。房屋的地板、木窗台、门框、壁板等受到白蚁危害,木屋架未受白蚁危害,主要危害房屋下部木结构。群体组成有翅成虫、工蚁、兵蚁和若蚁占总数的比例分别为0.08%、66.59%、0.57%和32.76%。白蚁危害至少已10年以上,已连续7~8年出现有翅成虫分飞,分飞时间从每年的5月起,分数次分飞。结论栖北散白蚁为公主岭市自然分布的种类,只是由于分布极为稀疏,因此较难发现和采集,且扩散和危害的速率均十分缓慢。气候变暖和城市化成为公主岭市房屋白蚁危害发展的重要成因。在日均温为更低的区域（≥5.93℃）,栖北散白蚁依然可以分布。我国白蚁危害的北界正在向北移动。

Objective To understand termite species and their damage in Gongzhuling,Jilin Province. Methods A field investigation was conducted on the building damage caused by the termite at Minanwei Dongsanjie, Gongzhul- ing,Jilin Province. Results The species of termite was identified as Reticulitermes speratus. 0. 7% families were found of occurrence of termite. Some floors, wooden window sills, door frames and wainscots were infested by termite, while the wooden framework was intact. The infestation mainly occurred at wood infrastructures. The colony consisted of alate,worker, soldier and nymph,with the percentage of 0.08% ,66. 59% ,0. 57% and 32. 76% respectively. The history of termite damage might back to 10 years ago. Alate swarming has been observed for continuous 7 - 8 years. The flights started from every May, and occurred for several times. Conclusion Reticulitermes speratus should be naturally distributed in this city, but difficult to he detected and collected due to its sparse distribution and low rates of proliferation and damage. Climate warming and urbanization becomes important causes of the building damage by ter- mite in Gongzhuling. Reticulitermes speratus can still distribute at the areas with lower daily mean temperature （ ≥ 5.93℃ ） ,which suggests that the north boundary is northward moving.