中越边境口岸鼠类及其体表寄生螨类群落生态初步研究

Community ecology of the rodents and mites on the body surface of rodents in China-Vietnam border port area

目的探讨中越边境口岸不同生境区域鼠类及其体表寄生螨类群落结构特点和物种多样性。方法采用笼捕法在中越边境口岸选择3类生境采集鼠类标本,捡取其体表寄生螨类。选用物种丰富度指数(S)、群落均匀度(J’)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)、生态优势度指数(C’)、种间随机相遇机率(PIE)及群落构成比(Cr)进行群落结构计算。结果本次研究中共捕获鼠类1 609只,隶属于2科5属12种。从鼠体表采获螨类1 674只,均为毒厉螨。褐家鼠、黄毛鼠、白腹巨鼠是各生境中的优势种。结论鼠类在中越边境口岸山地和森林生境中的群落结构比灌丛和田地、室内和房周生境相对复杂,生物多样性相对丰富;鼠类寄生螨种类相对简单,主要寄生于相应生境优势鼠类宿主;山地和森林、灌丛和田地生境中鼠类染螨率较高。

Objective To investigate the species diversity and community structure of the rodents and mites on the body surface of rodents in different biotopes of China-Vietnam border port area. Methods Rodents and mites on the body surface of rodents were collected in three biotopes of China - Vietnam border port area. The richness （S） , evenness （J＇）, diversity index （H＇）, dominance index （C＇）, PIE and constituent ratios （Cr） were used to analyze the community structure. Results 1 609 rodents were captured, belonging to 12 species,5 genera and 2 families in three orders. A total of 1 674 mites were collected from the rodent hosts and identified as Laelaps echidninus only. Rat- tus norvegicus ,Rattus losea and Rattus edwardsi were the dominant species in each habitat. Conclusion The com- munity structure of rodents in the mountainous regions forests is more complicated with a high diversity of rodent spe- cies than the structures of the rodents in thickets fields and rooms of China-Vietnam border port area. The species of mites on the body surface of rodents are relatively simple, mainly parasitised on dominant species in each biotope. In three biotopes,the mean mites-carrying rates in the mountainous regions forests and the thickets fields are relatively higher.