光合细菌在水污染治理中的研究进展

Research Progress of Photosynthetic Bacteria in Water Pollution Governance

光合细菌以其无毒、繁殖快、适应能力强、易人工培养等优点而在环境治理中受到重视。国内外对光合细菌的研究主要集中在水产养殖业(如净化水质,作饵料添加剂等)和生活及工业重污染水处理中的作用,关于光合细菌在景观微污染水体治理方面的作用研究较少。课题组研究发现光合细菌中的沼泽红假单胞菌对西南大学景观水中氨氮的去除率高达95%,暗示光合细菌能有效治理景观水污染。综述了光合细菌的分类、脱氮除磷原理以及目前光合细菌在治理有机废水、重金属废水和养殖污水方面的应用,并展望了光合细菌在处理景观微污染水体方面的应用前景,以期为进一步研究光合细菌在景观水治理中的作用提供参考。

Photosynthetic bacteria were concerned in environmental governance by its non-toxic, breeding fast, strong ability to adapt, easy artificial cultivation etc. The domestic and foreign research demonstrated that some photosynthetic bacteria played a key role in aquaculture （such as purifying water quality, making as a feed additive, et al） and in life and industrial heavy polluted water treatment. However, there were few reports about the role of photosynthetic bacteria in landscape slightly polluted water governance. Our researches indicated that Rhodopseudomonas palustris could effectively remove the ammonium nitrogen in the landscape water, and the highest removal rate can reach 95%, which implied that photosynthetic bacteria could effectively governance landscape water pollution. To provide reference for further studies of the functions of photosynthetic bacteria in landscape water, classification of photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen and phosphorus removal principle and the application of photosynthetic bacteria in the treatment of organic wastewater, heavy metal wastewater as well as aquaculture wastewater were reviewed, and its developmental potential in landscape water pollution treatment was proposed.