中、东部地区中学生吸烟现状及相关因素分析

The current situation of smoking and its influential factors analysis among middle school students in central and eastern regions

目的：了解中学生吸烟现状及相关影响因素,为制定预防青少年吸烟的干预措施和控制策略提供依据.方法：以分层随机整群抽样的方式从东部江苏省和中部湖北省、重庆市抽取城市和农村共12所中学6 564名学生,使用统一制作的调查表进行中学生吸烟现状及相关影响因素的调查,采用SPSS 17.0分析相关数据.结果：共发放问卷6 564份,收回合格问卷6 058份,有效应答率为92.30％.统计显示：中、东部地区的中学生尝试吸烟率为21.30％,吸烟率为5.50％;男生尝试吸烟率和吸烟率显著高于女生（P＜0.001）,农村中学男生尝试吸烟率、吸烟率高于城市中学生（P＜0.01）,尝试吸烟及吸烟的同学对吸烟危害的认知差于不吸烟的同学.多因素分析结果显示：男生、14 ～16岁组和＞16岁组、同学吸烟、近1个月见到老师吸烟、成绩中等、成绩差、农村中学的同学吸烟危险度高（P＜0.01）,其中周围同学吸烟及看到老师吸烟的学生吸烟的可能增加7.265和2.525倍.结论：同学和老师吸烟是影响中学生尝试吸烟、吸烟的最主要因素,其次是家长吸烟,积极创建无烟学校及无烟家庭,加强烟草危害的教育是让中学生远离烟草的有效途径.

Objective：To investigate the current situation of smoking and its related influencing factors among junior high and high school students,and to provide evidence for making the strategy on smoking prevention and control in adolescents.Methods：6 564 students from 12 schools in Jiangsu eastern China,Hubei provinces and Chongqing central China were randomly selected by multiple stages cluster sampling and surveyed using standardized questionmaires.The data was analysed using SPSS 17.0.Results：6 564 questionnaires sent out,we got 6 058 qualified questionnaires and the response rate was 92.30％.The data showed that 21.30％ of our subjects had attempted smoking,and 5.50％ of them were regular smokers.Both rates were significantly higher in boys than in girls （P ＜ 0.001） ;meanwhile,both rates were significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas （P ＜ 0.05）.The knowledge about the harm of tobacco among students who were smokers and who had attempted smoking was less than that among non-smoking students.Multivariate analysis have showed that the population which was more likely to smoke included those who are males,aged 14-16 or above,with classmates smoking,who have seen a teacher smoking in the recent month,with poor academic performance or from rural schools.Moreover,seeing a classmate smoking and seeing a teacher smoking could raise the likelihood of smoking to 7.265 and 2.525 times,respectively.Conclusion：Seeing classmates or teachers smoking are the primary factors leading to a student learning to smoke,besides seeing a family member smoking.To create smoke-free schools and families,one effective method would be to work on the education about the harms of tobacco.