运用CRISPR/Cas系统对植物基因组进行定点编辑

Plant Genome Editing with CRISPR/Cas System

随着转基因技术的发展,出现了多种对基因组进行定点编辑的新技术。本文介绍了常用的植物基因组定点编辑技术的基本原理,特别对新近发展起来的CRISPR/Cas系统的原理、组成及各元件的作用等进行了综述,比较了CRISPR/Cas系统与ZFN、TALEN等常用定点编辑技术的异同。文中列举了利用CRISPR/Cas系统对几种单子叶和双子叶植物进行基因组定点编辑的案例,认为通过CRISPR/Cas系统对植物基因组进行定点编辑是可行的,特别是由于嵌合sg RNA的成功设计,使得应用CRISPR/Cas系统更加简单方便。研究人员正在努力降低CRISPR/Cas系统的毒性和脱靶率,拓宽该技术的应用空间。

With the advance of transgenic technology, several site-specific methods for genome editing have been developed. The general characteristics of site-specific editing process are reviewed in this paper with emphasis on the principle, components, and functions of the new CRISPR/Cas system. The advantages of CRISPR/Cas system over ZFNs and TALENs are also evaluated. Several monocot and dicot species with site-specific modifications by CRISPR/Cas are used as examples to demonstrate the versatility of using single guide RNA （sgRNA） in the system as a convenient approach for plant genome editing. Improvements to reduce its toxicity and off-target editing are in progress for future application of CRISPR/Cas system.