组织工程膀胱支架材料:应用现状及血管化策略

Bladder tissue engineering scaffold: its application and vascularized strategies

背景:随着组织工程膀胱研究的日益改进,组织工程膀胱组织在植入体内后的血管化问题,引起了构建组织工程膀胱者的极大关注。目的:结合近年来的相关文献,就组织工程膀胱支架材料的选择、设计与应用,支架材料植入体内后的血管化问题作一综述。方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索Pub Med数据库2000年1月至2014年9月的相关文章,检索词为"tissue engineering, bladder, biomaterials/scaffolds, vascularization";同时检索中国期刊数据库2000年1月至2014年9月的相关文章,检索词为"组织工程,膀胱,支架材料,血管化",选择文章内容与生物支架材料在组织工程膀胱中的应用及组织工程膀胱血管化相关。结果与结论:组织工程膀胱中目前采用的支架材料主要包括天然生物材料和人工合成聚合物两大类。当前膀胱组织工程研究最主要的目标仍然是:制备接种细胞的最佳支架,确定干细胞的最佳来源,探索干细胞最优分化方式和促进植入支架新生血管和神经的再生,其中促进支架材料的血管化和构建复杂的组织是最具有挑战性的。目前来说,使支架上附着的内膜细胞精确的定向增殖、迁移和分化仍然很难控制。尽管血管网对于细胞和组织的营养供应和代谢废物清除是必要的,但促进血管生成或血管发生的策略仍有限。

BACKGROUND：Along with the increasing improvement of bladder tissue engineering research, the vascularization of tissue-engineered bladder after implantation becomes an issue of concern. OBJECTIVE： Combined with relevant literature in recent years, to review the choice, design and application of scaffold materials for bladder tissue engineering as wel as vascularized strategies folowing implantation. METHODS：The first author retrieved PubMed database and CNKI databases for articles relevant to biological scaffold materials in bladder tissue engineering and vascularization of tissue-engineered bladder published between January 2000 to September 2014 using the keywords of “tissue engineering; bladder; biomaterials/scaffolds; vascularization” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Recently, the biological scaffolds for bladder tissue engineering include two main categories： natural biomaterials and synthetic polymers. The major target of bladder tissue engineering remains to prepare the best cel-seeded scaffolds, to determine the best source of stem cels, to explore the best differentiation way of stem cels, and to promote angiogenesis and nerve regeneration of implanted scaffolds. Thereinto, promoting vascularization of scaffold materials and building complex tissues is most chalenging. At present, it is stil difficult to precisely control the directional proliferation, migration and differentiation of the attached endometrial cels. Although the vascular network is necessary for the nutrient supply and metabolic waste removal of cels or tissues, strategies to promote angiogenesis or vasculogenesis are stil limited.