重庆市城市与农村6～13岁儿童肥胖率及相关知识与态度比较分析

Comparison on Obesity Prevalence and Its Relevant Knowledge, Attitude between Urban and Rural Children Aged from 6 to 13 Years Old in Chongqing

目的比较分析城市与农村儿童肥胖发生情况及慢性病相关知识与态度,为开展有针对性的健康教育提供建议。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取6~13岁的儿童进行问卷调查与体格检查,采用卡方检验比较城市与农村儿童肥胖率、慢性病防治知识知晓率及相关态度的差异,采用方差分析比较城市与农村儿童体质指数的差异。结果城市儿童肥胖患病率（11.9%）高于农村儿童（6.2%）（P〈0.05）,城市儿童对体重指数计算方法 （6.9%）、超重和肥胖能引发高血压、脑卒中、心脏病、癌症、糖尿病等疾病（52.4%）、儿童时肥胖容易导致成年后发胖及引起各种慢性病提前发生（33.7%）、运动不是导致高血压或血压升高的原因（57.0%）、吸烟是导致高血压或血压升高的因素之一（34.9%）以及控制体重是有效预防高血压的措施（47.2%）等的慢性病防治知识知晓率高于农村儿童（P〈0.05）,城市儿童（32.5%）较农村儿童（25.5%）更愿意因健康原因而改变饮食习惯,也有更多会为减肥或控制体重而锻炼（42.0%＆32.4%）（P〈0.05）。结论重庆市城市儿童肥胖明显高于农村儿童,城市儿童慢性病防治知识知晓率相对高于农村儿童,应针对城乡儿童提供有差异的学校健康教育与健康促进工作。

Objective To analyze obesity prevalence and the of knowledge and attitude of chronic non-communicable disease prevention and control between urban and rural children aged from 6 to 13 years old in Chongqing for conducting the health education. Methods Children aged from 6 to 13 years old sampled by stratified clustered sampling were surveyed by questionnaire and physical examination. The difference of the prevalence of obesity and knowledge and attitude about chronic non-communicable disease prevention and control was compared by Chi-square test. The difference of body mass index between urban and rural children aged from 6 to 13 years old was test by variance analysis. Results The prevalence of obesity among urban children（11.9%） was higher than that of rural children（6.2%） （P〈0.05）. The rate of cognition among urban children know the calculation method of body mass index was 6.9% ,overweight and obesity can cause hypertension, stoke, cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes was 52.4%, children obesity is vulnerable to cause adult obesity and a variety of chronic non communicable disease was 33.7% , exercise wasn＇t the reason caused hypertension was 57.0% ,smoking is one of the causes for hypertension was 34.9%, control body weight can prevent hypertension effectively was 47.2%; all these rates of cognition of urban children were higher than those of rural children （3.3%, 44.4%, 26.3%, 50.6%, 29.5% and 41.6%, respectively; P〈0.05）. More urban children （32.5%） would like to change their diet habit for their health benifit than rural children（25.5%）. More urban children （42.0%） would like to do exercise to control body weight than rural children （32.4%） （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The prevalence of obesity among urban children was higher than that of rural children in Chongqing. The rate of cognition about chronic non- communicable disease prevention and control among urban children was higher than that of rural children. Health education and health promotion should be enhanced according to the difference of urban and rural children.