2010至2012年中国东部地区3岁儿童队列龋病监测

Surveillance of dental caries in 3-year-old chirldren cohort in eastern China from 2010 to 2012

目的了解我国东部地区儿童3~5岁期间乳牙龋病的流行现况和变化趋势,为改善儿童口腔健康提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取我国东部地区北京、上海、广东三省(市)2010年新入园的3岁儿童建立了乳牙龋病监测队列(n=896),连续3年检查队列儿童牙齿状况。结果本队列随访率为79.8%(n=715)。715名儿童3岁、4岁、5岁时患龋率分别为41.4%、55.0%、63.9%,患龋率逐年增加(Z=-8.535,P<0.05);龋均分别为1.76、2.54、3.31,年均增加0.78颗(F=33.886,P<0.05),每年的显著性龋均指数(significant caries indices,SiC)分别是当年整体龋均的2.9倍、2.6倍、2.4倍。3~4岁、4~5岁龋齿年发病率分别为43.6%、46.9%,2年累积发病率为62.7%。农村儿童累积发病率大于城市儿童(P<0.05),基线患龋儿童2年累积发病率大于无龋儿童(P<0.05)。上颌中切牙、下颌乳磨牙的患病率和发病率均较高。结论东部地区儿童3~5岁期间患龋率高,发病率高,一级预防应从喂养早期开始;应针对无龋儿童、高患龋水平区域、高患龋水平个体、好发牙位进行综合防治。

Objective To survey the caries prevalence and monitor the incidence rate of 3-year-old children cohort in eastern China from 2010 to 2012,ao as to provide scientific basis for the promotion of children＇s oral health. Methods The surveillance was conducted using the stratified, cluster sampling method in Beijing,Shanghai and Guangdong Province. A cohort group （n = 896） was built for surveillance of caries in deciduous teeth among 3-year-old children who enrolled in kindergarten in 2010 The dentists checked teeth for children annually from 2010 to 2012. Results Follow-up rate was 79.8% （n = 715） in this study, and the caries prevalence rate of the 715 children was 41.4%, 55.0% 60 and 63.9% during their 3,4 and 5 years old respectively,increasing annually （Z = - 8. 535 ,P〈 0. 05） ;decayed,missing or filled-teeth （dmft） was 1.76,2.54,3.31 respectively,and increased by CI. 78 annually （F= 33. 886,P〈0. 05） ,and significant caries indices （SIC） was 2.9,2.6 and 2.4 times more than the annual draft respectively. During 3-4 years old and 4-5 years old, the caries incidence rate was 43.6% and 46.9% respectively,and the 2 years cumulative incidence was 62.7%. Cumulative incidence of rural children was greater than the urban children （P^0.05）. The prevalence and incidence of the maxillary incisor and mandibular milk molar kept high during the surveillance. Conclusions Caries prevalence and incidence rate of children in eastern region of China keep high during 3-5 years old, prevention should be started early in children feeding. Comprehensive control measures of caries-free children,as well as high caries risk area,individuals and dental positions should be implemented.