沙蜇和白色霞水母刺丝囊毒素的细胞毒性比较研究

Comparative Study on Cytotoxicity of Nemopilema nomurai and Cyanea nozakii Nematocyst Venoms

分别自沙蜇和白色霞水母提取刺丝囊毒素蛋白,以小鼠皮下结缔组织细胞(A9)和人横纹肌瘤细胞(A-673)为受试对象,比较两种水母的刺丝囊毒素蛋白对其的细胞毒性,以期为评估和管理两种水母的毒害风险提供科学依据。结果显示:沙蜇和白色霞水母刺丝囊毒素对培养中的A9和A-673细胞存活率都具有抑制作用,且该抑制作用呈显著的时间和剂量依赖性。白色霞水母刺丝囊毒素对A9和A-673细胞毒性的半数效应浓度(如:对A9和A-673的EC50-24h分别为49.8μg/mL和43.6μg/mL)低于沙蜇刺丝囊毒素的半数效应浓度(如:对A9和A-673的EC50-24h分别为78.0μg/mL和70.1μg/mL);两种水母毒素对A-673或A9的细胞毒性强于已报道的根口类和旗口类水母毒素对哺乳动物肺、肝、血管平滑肌、神经、乳腺等的细胞毒性。由此可见,白色霞水母刺丝囊毒素的细胞毒性更强,横纹肌、结缔组织对水母刺丝囊毒素作用敏感。研究结果对于评估水母毒害风险和制定防护对策有重要意义。

Recently, giant jellyfishes, such as Nemopilema nomurai and Cyanea nozakii, bloom and sting swimmers frequently, threatening the public health and ecosystem safety in northern China. In this study crude extracts of the nematocyst venom proteins were obtained from N. nomurai and C. nozakii respectively, and their cytotoxicity on A9 （mice subcutaneous connective tissue） and A-673 （human rhabdomyosarcoma） cell lines was investigated. Both jellyfishes＂ nematocyst venoms inhibited the survival of incubated A9 or A-673 cells, and the inhibition was dose and time dependent. The toxicity of C. nozakii venom on A9 cells （e. g. 49.8 μg/mL as EC50 in 24 h） or A-673 cells （e. g. 43.6 μg/mL as EC50 in 24 h） was significantly higher than that of N. nomurai to the same cells （e. g. 78.0 μg/mL or 70.1 μg/mI, as EC50 in 24 h）. The toxicity of Rhizostomeae and Semaeostomeae jellyfishes venoms was strong in two cell lines than in cells from the mammalian lung, liver, nerve, blood vessel or mammary gland. The results indicated that C. nozakii venom was more toxic than N. nomurai, and both striated muscle and subcutaneous connective tissue were sensitive to the cytotoxicity of jellyfish venoms. The results present an important reference for evaluation and risk management of jellyfish toxicity.