短时高温对烟蚜生长发育、繁殖和取食行为的影响

Effects of brief exposure to high temperatures on the development,reproduction and feeding behavior of Myzus persicae( Hemiptera:Aphididae)

【目的】烟蚜Myzus persicae是一种世界性的重要农业害虫,本研究测定了短时高温对烟蚜生长发育、繁殖和取食行为的影响。【方法】测定初产若蚜每天在30,35和40℃下处理1,2和4 h的发育历期及成蚜在相同处理下的繁殖力,应用刺吸电位技术（electronic penetration graph,EPG）测定成蚜在30和35℃下处理1和2 h后以及在25,28,30和35℃恒温下的取食行为。【结果】短时高温（30~35℃）对各龄若蚜发育历期影响较小,但40℃下处理2 h后其发育历期显著增加（P〈0.05）;若蚜存活率、成蚜寿命及其繁殖历期随温度和处理时间的增加而降低;在25~35℃下,随温度和处理时间的增加,成蚜繁殖率变化较小,但40℃下处理2和4 h后,其繁殖率显著降低（P〈0.01）;短时高温对烟蚜的取食行为影响显著,随温度和处理时间的增加,非刺探波np数量（P〈0.05）及其持续时间（P〈0.01）显著减少,而韧皮部刺吸波E持续时间显著增加（P〈0.05）;但持续高温下,随温度升高,np波数量及其持续时间先减少后增加,而E波则相反。【结论】短时高温对烟蚜若蚜发育速率影响较小,但使若蚜存活率、成蚜寿命及其繁殖历期显著降低,且对成蚜繁殖有一定的抑制作用,而对成蚜的取食有一定的促进作用。研究结果有助于了解烟蚜不同年份间夏季种群数量的变化机制。

[ Aim ] The tobacco aphid Myzus persicae （Sulzer） is an important pest found on cultivated crops across the world. This study aims to evaluate the effects of brief exposure to high temperatures on the development, reproduction, and feeding behavior of M. persicae. [ Methods ] Nymphs and adults of M. persicae were exposed to high temperatures of 30, 35 and 40℃ for I, 2 and 4 h every day, and the developmental duration and fecundity were measured. The electronic penetration graph （EPG） technique was used to record the feeding behavior after the adults were exposed to high temperatures of 30℃ and 35℃ for 1 and 2 h as well as at constant temperatures of 25, 28, 30 and 35℃. [ Results] Brief exposure to high temperatures of 30 -35℃ had little effect on duration was significantly prolonged after the nymphs the nymphal duration. However, the developmental were exposed to a high temperature of 40℃ for 2 h （P 〈 0. 01 ）. The decrease in the survival rate of the nymphs, adult longevity and duration of reproduction of adults was proportional to both temperature and exposure duration. The reproduction rate was little influenced at 25 -35℃ with the increase of temperature and duration of exposure, while significantly decreased at the high temperature of 40℃ for 2 and 4 h （P 〈 0.01 ）. Brief exposure to high temperatures had a significant effect on feeding behavior. After brief exposure to high temperatures, the number （ P 〈 0.05 ） and total duration （ P 〈 0.01 ） of non-probing waveform （np） significantly decreased while the total duration of phloem waveform （E） significantly increased （P 〈 0.05 ） with an increase in temperature and exposure duration. However, the number and total duration of np decreased initially andthen increased, while that of E initially increased and then decreased with an increase in temperature under constant temperature conditions. [ Conclusion ] Brief exposure to high temperatures has no significant effect on the developmental rate of M. persicae nymphs. However, the survival rate of nymphs, adult longevity and duration of reproduction of adults decreased after brief exposure to high temperatures. In addition, brief exposure to high temperature plays a role in inhibiting the reproduction of M. persicae adults, and promoting their feeding behavior. These results will aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying changes in M. persicae populations in summer between different years.