“所有孩子的幼儿园”——美国学前教育政策新动议

Preschool for All:A New Initiative of Early Learning Policy in the U.S.A.

美国联邦政府于2013年2月开始推行"所有孩子的幼儿园"项目,力图为来自中低收入家庭年满4岁的儿童免费提供为期1年的全日制教育,使其在身心和学业上做好接受幼儿园教育的准备。该项目延续了联邦政府提高学前教育质量、促进跨部门合作的政策取向,采取了向烟草制品新增税收以补贴公共教育经费、按成本分担模式在联邦政府与地方政府间结成伙伴关系、强化项目资金管理、重视教师资格和培训、强调数据收集和处理等措施,颇具特色。

Started by the federal government of U.S. on February,2013,the Preschool for All program aimed to provide universal access for all 4-year olds from the low- and moderate-income families to a year of free , public full-day preschool,ensuring that they enter kindergarten physically and academically ready to succeed. Maintained the policy of improving quality of early learning and strengthening cross-agency collaboration ,the program took the measures of offsetting the costs of the public education through a new tax on tobacco products , bridging the partnership between the federal and state governments on the cost-sharing structure ,strengthening the fund management,emphasizing on teacher qualifications and trainings,as well as the data collection and processing.