论清王朝灭亡的三大症候

Three Major Symptoms of the Demise of Qing Dynasty

清王朝的灭亡,其症候之一是外交失分。在时人看来,清末外交一言以蔽之,就是"失败"。清政府外交失分,引起了民众的极大不满。民众的爱国抗外行为发生了矛头转向,即由外而内,爱国风潮之火烧向清政府自身。症候之二是舆论失控,其表现为谣言蜂起及舆论界的独立趋向。这直接导致舆论放大效应,使得清政府风雨飘摇,在遭到资产阶级革命派并非致命的攻击之下,迅速土崩瓦解。症候之三是民众的组织化趋向,如农会、商会、工会、学会等。之所以如此,与合群思潮及政府支持有关。总之,外交失分、舆论失控与民众的组织化三大症候,昭示着清王朝的灭亡。

One symptom of the demise of Qing Dynasty was failure of diplomacy.The failure of diplomacy of Qing government caused great resentment among the people. People＇s patriotic and resist the foreign behavior had turned to the Qing government itself. The other syndrome was public opinion out of control. This directly ted to the amplification effect of public opinion, which accelerated the crumble of Qing government. The third symptom was public organization trend, such as peasant associations, chambers of Commerce, trade unions. All these three symptoms herald the demise of the Qing Dynasty.