国审小麦新品种‘宁麦23’的选育及综合特性和利用前景分析

The Comprehensive Characteristics, Breeding Process and the Prospect Analysis of the Wheat Variety ‘Ningmai 23'

阐明国审小麦新品种‘宁麦23’的选育背景和过程，揭示本地区小麦生态条件及其特点，为‘宁麦23’的推广应用及未来新品种选育提供参考。利用国家长江中下游冬麦组2009—2013连续4年的预备试验、区域试验和生产试验的结果进行分析，同时较全面地与对照品种‘扬麦158’作比较。‘宁麦23’丰产、稳产性较好，其平均产量比对照品种‘扬麦158’增产2.90%-9.51%，增产点次率71%-100%；该品种成穗数适中，穗型较大，每穗实粒数较多，千粒重较高，产量三要素较协调；‘宁麦23’成熟期早，中抗赤霉病，中抗至中感纹枯病，高抗黄花叶病，籽粒商品性较突出。此外也指出了‘宁麦23’的不足，并探讨了相应的扬长避短的利用策略。‘宁麦23’适合长江中下游麦区的苏皖淮南地区，湖北中北部及河南信阳、浙江中北部地区种植，尤其适合上述地区的中晚熟水稻茬推广应用。

In order to provide a reference for the popularization and application of‘Ningmai 23’and for the future breeding of wheat varieties, the background and breeding process of the national authorized wheat‘Ningmai 23’was expounded. Meanwhile, wheat ecological conditions and characteristics of this region were revealed. The results of the wheat preliminary experiment, regional test and production test were analyzed, all of the data was from the national winter wheat test of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Region for four consecutive years （from 2009 to 2013）. Meanwhile, it was compared and contrasted to the control variety‘Yangmai 158’. The results showed that‘Ningmai 23’had higher and stable yield, the average yield increase 2.90%to 9.51%than that of the control variety‘Yangmai 158’, and the increased yield points were 71%-100%. The variety of‘Ningmai 23’had moderate spike numbers, larger panicle types and more kernels per wheatears and higher 1000 seed weight. Three factors of yield were coordination.‘Ning-mai 23’had an early maturation and middle resistance to scab and wheat sharp eyespot, as well as high resistance to yellow mosaic. The grain commodity was well too. In addition, in this paper the inadequacy of‘Ningmai 23’was pointed out and discussed the weaknesses of its utilization strategy. The‘Ningmai 23’was suitable cultivation for the areas of south Jiangsu and Anhui Province, and the middle to northern of Hubei Province as well as the 〈br〉 region of Xinyang and the middle to northern part of Zhejiang. Especially, the variety was suitable planting for the area in the late maturing rice rotation region.