孙思邈《千金要方》针灸学术思想浅析

Academic Ideology of Acupuncture in the Book of Precious & Brief Prescription by SUN Si-miao

《备急千金要方》成书于公元652年,为唐代孙思邈所著,世人简称《千金要方》。全书共30卷,232门,合方论5300首,系统的总结了唐代以前的医学成就。不仅反映了孙氏的医学理论与临床经验,还收录了许多历代名医如郭玉、张文仲、范汪等的医学理论与经验。其内容载述广博、条理清晰,不仅涉及内、外、妇、儿、五官等临床各科,还对针灸、推拿、气功、养生、食疗、急救等做了详尽的阐述。有关针灸的内容约1000多条,其中卷二十九、卷三十对针灸做了专论,同时其他各卷也有散在论述。本文从防重于治,既病早治;诊脉施术,慎于灸刺;临证选法,知针知药;灸理丰富,临证权变;独重奇穴,首创阿是;针灸处方,指导临床等方面总结概括其针灸学术思想,这些对后世针灸的发展具有极其重要的价值。

The book Emergency Precious Brief Prescription was written by Sun Si-miao in 652 A. D,and it was called as Precious Brief Prescription for short,which included 30 volumes,232 chapters,5300 prescriptions,and this writing summarized the achievement of medical science prior to the Tang Dynasty systematically. It reflected the medical theory and experience of SUN,and the paper also recruited experience and theories of famous doctors in different dynasties such as GUO Yu,ZHANG Wen-zhong,FAN Wang as well. The substance it documented was both profound and methodical,which involved Internal,Surgery,Gynecology,Pediatrics,Features and other subjects. It also illustrated the information about acupuncture,massage,Chi Kung,health preserving,food treatment and first aid thoroughly. Thousands of contents about acupuncture were mentioned,and in vol. 29 and vol. 30 acupuncture was discussed systematically and it was also mentioned in other volumes. This article summarized his academic ideology of acupuncture in aspects of prevention before treatment,incipient treatment; operation after sphygmus-check,prudent needling and moxibustion; choosing the best way,the best acupoint and the best medicine according to dialectics; suitable methods of moxibustion for different diseases; emphasizing the extra-acupoint and finding the Ashi acupoint; acupuncture prescription and guiding clinics,which laid a foundation for the further development of acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine theory.