食品中砷的暴露评估研究进展

Research Progress of the Arsenic Exposure in Food

砷以有机态和无机态广泛存在于自然界中。国际癌症研究中心(IARC)将砷和无机砷化合物列为第一类致癌物(Group1,对人类致癌)。食物和水是无机砷暴露的主要途径。无机砷膳食暴露对人体健康的影响已受到广泛重视。文章综述了近年来联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织食品添加剂联席专家委员会(JECFA)、欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)等国际组织对食品中砷安全性评价的最新进展,总结了目前中国关于砷膳食暴露的研究现状,指出食品中砷的形态、不同砷形态的毒性作用、生物有效性价态以及食品中无机砷的提取和检测方法将是砷安全性评价的重要研究方向。旨在为进一步开展砷的膳食暴露评估及其他相关研究提供参考。

Arsenic is a metalloid with different inorganic and organic forms. Arsenic widely exists in the environment and comes from both natural occurrence and anthropogenic activity. Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds are carcinogenic to humans and are classified as Group 1 by International Agency for Research on Cancer （IARC）. It is proved that food and water are the major contributors to total inorganic arsenic exposure. Therefore, inorganic arsenic dietary exposure has arouse extensive attention in recent years. This paper overviewed the new research progress on inorganic arsenic dietary exposure assessment by international organizations, and summarized the present research status in China. Meantime, this paper pointed out that the arsenic species, the bioavailability form, the toxicity and the analysis method of different arsenic species should be emphasized in future. In conclusion, this paper would provide reference for the further inorganic arsenic exposure assessment or other related research.