湿性发酵豆粕对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清抗氧化功能及粪便成分的影响

Effects of Wet Fermented Soybean Meal on Performance, Eggs Quality, Serum Antioxidant Function and Fecal Composition of Laying Hens

研究旨在探索湿性发酵豆粕对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清抗氧化功能及粪便成分的影响,为湿性发酵豆粕在蛋鸡配合饲料中的应用提供理论依据。选取375日龄蛋鸡1152羽,随机分为4个处理组,每组6个重复,每重复48羽。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组,在基础饲粮中分别用4.5%、6.0%、7.5%的湿性发酵豆粕替代3%、4%、5%的普通豆粕,试验期为90天。结果表明：（1）与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组均显著提高平均蛋重（P〈0.05）,Ⅲ组显著降低破蛋率（P〈0.05）,平均产蛋率、料蛋比、死淘率差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;（2）Ⅳ组的蛋壳厚度、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组的蛋黄比色值、显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,Ⅲ组的蛋形指数比值显著低于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05）;（3）同对照组相比,Ⅱ组显著提高血清过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和降低丙二醛（MDA）含量（P〈0.05）,Ⅲ组显著提高总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）（P〈0.05）;（4）Ⅲ组粪便的粗灰分、Ⅳ组粪便磷含量同Ⅰ组相比极显著或显著降低（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。结论,蛋鸡配合饲料中使用适量的发酵豆粕替代普通豆粕能提高蛋重、改善蛋品质,降低粪便中氮、磷的排放量,其适宜替代量为6.0%-7.5%。

This experiment is designed to explore the impact of wet fermented soybean meal on performance, eggs quality, serum antioxidant function, fecal composition of laying hens, which will provide scientific basis for the wet fermented soybean meal feed in laying hens. A total of 1152 375-day-old hens were randomly divided into 4 groups, each group was set up 6 replicates of 48 laying hens for a 90 days feeding trial. Treatment Ⅰ as control group was fed with the basal diet. Treatment Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ were fed with the basal diet in which part of soybean meal was replaced with 4.5%, 6.0% and 7.5% of the wet fermented soybean meal. The results showed as follows： the average egg weight of group Ⅱ and group Ⅳ significantly increased （P〈0.05）. The broken eggs rate of group Ⅲ significantly decreased （P〈0.05）. There was no difference among the average rate, feed-gain ratio and death and culling rate （P〉0.05）. The eggshell thickness of group IV, the yolk colorimetric values of group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ significantly increased （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. The shape index odds ratio of group m significantly decreased （P〈0.05）. The serum eatalase （CAT） activity of group Ⅱ significantly increased （P〈0.05） and the malondialdehyde （MDA） content in serum decreased （P〈0.05）. The total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） of group Ⅲ significantly increased （P〈0.05）. The amount of fecal crude ash of group Ⅲ significantly decreased （P〈0.01）. The phosphorus content of group Ⅳ was significantly lower （P〈0.05）. It is concluded that using moderate wet fermentation soybean meal to replace ordinary meal in laying hens feed can improve the egg weight and egg quality, reduce emissions of fecal nitrogen and phosphorus. The suitable alternative amount is 6.0% to 7.5%.