1987—2012年黄淮海地区冬小麦生育期气候适宜指数时空分布特征

Spatial-temporal Distributions of Climatic Suitability Index of Winter Wheat over the Huanghuaihai Region of China in 1987-2012

为了研究气候资源对黄淮海地区冬小麦生产的气候适宜度,以冬小麦气候适宜度模型为基础,选取5省63站1987—2012年逐旬气象数据分析了该区域冬小麦气候适宜指数时空分布特征。结果表明,黄淮海地区冬小麦生长季内温度适宜度、日照适宜度、降水适宜度的空间分布差异较大,温度适宜指数由北向南、日照适宜指数由东向西,降水适宜指数由南向北总体呈现递减的地域分布特征。黄淮海地区冬小麦气候适宜程度较高,总体能满足冬小麦不同阶段生长发育的需要。光温资源总体较好,相应的气候适宜指数较高,各个发育期日照适宜指数均高于0.8,温度适宜指数除分蘖期受气温起伏影响值偏小以外,其余发育阶段均高于0.7;但降水适宜指数明显较低,均小于0.6,是制约该区域冬小麦生产的关键因素。

In order to study the climatic suitability of climate resources Region, based on existing study result, the evaluation model of climatic for winter wheat over the Huanghuaihai suitability of winter wheat was selected. According to homogenizing principle, 63 stations in 5 provinces of Huanghuaihai Region of China were chosen, using their meteorological data from 1987 to 2012, the spatial-temporal distributions of climatic suitability index of winter wheat were analyzed. The results indicated that： the temperature suitability, sunshine suitability, precipitation suitability of spatial distribution difference were obvious, the temperature suitability index from north to south, sunshine suitability index from east to west and rainfall suitability index from south to north generally had a declining regional distribution. The climatic suitability index was higher and could meet the needs of different stages of winter wheat growth. The sunshine suitability index was higher than 0.8, the temperature suitability index was higher than 0.7 except tillering stage, but the suitability of precipitation was low and the natural precipitation was a limited key factor to the winter wheat production in this region.