花生品种、栽培技术引种马拉维试验初报

Preliminary Test of Varieties and Cultivation Techniques of Peanut in Malawi

为配合福建企业开发马拉维花生产业需要,2013—2014年引种福建省农业科学院作物研究所选育的6个花生品种（系）,结合马拉维4个品种,采用小区随机区组设计和大面积种植,在马拉维共和国进行品种比较和栽培技术示范。结果表明,雨季,7个参试品种品比结果,荚果产量1150.05-2943.75 kg/hm^2,其中,‘抗黄1号’产量最高,为2943.75 kg/hm^2,cg-7（CK）产量最低,为1150.05 kg/hm^2,引种的6个品种比cg-7（CK）增产54.78%-155.98%。籽仁产量654.45-1845.6 kg/hm^2,其中,‘抗黄1号’产量最高,为1845.6 kg/hm^2,cg-7（CK）最低,为654.45 kg/hm^2,引种的6个品种比cg-7（CK）增产55.67%-182.0%。干季,7个参试品种荚果产量2344.5-3559.5 kg/hm^2,其中,‘福花0621’产量最高,为3559.5 kg/hm^2,cg-7（CK）最低,为2344.5 kg/hm^2,引种的6个品种比cg-7（CK）增产7.81%-51.82%,籽仁产量1428.0-2335.05 kg/hm^2,其中,‘福花0621’产量最高,为2335.05 kg/hm^2,‘福花9号’最低,为1428.0 kg/hm^2,除‘福花9号’籽仁比cg-7（CK）减产6.44%外,其他5个品种比cg-7（CK）增产29.85%-52.99%。干季,栽培技术示范结果,马拉维的4个品种荚果产量1900.5-3213.0 kg/hm^2,其中,Ba Ka产量最高,为3213.0 kg/hm^2,Chalimbana产量最低,为1900.5 kg/hm^2,籽仁产量1016.7-2307.0 kg/hm^2,其中,Ba Ka产量最高,为2307.0 kg/hm^2,Chalimbana产量最低,为1016.7 kg/hm^2。试验结果表明,引种的6个花生品种生活习性等方面均适应于马拉维的生态条件和粗放的栽培习惯。福建省农业科学院作物研究所的花生栽培技术也适合马拉维4个花生品种,并取得高产。初步探明,利用马拉维湖等湖岸周遍特殊的生态环境,只要花期空气湿度≥50%,满足花生开花受精的生理需求,采用人工灌溉措施,可以在干季发展花生生产,建议扩大试验,示范后推广。

In order to meet the needs of Fujian enterprise to develop peanut industry in Malawi, 6 peanut varieties （lines） bred by Institute of Crop, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and 4 local varieties, were studied for variety comparison test and cultivation technology demonstration, with random block design and large area planting in Malawi ied from 1150.05 to 2943.75 in the years 2013-2014. The results showed that, the pod yields of 7 varieties var- kg/hm^2 in the rain season. ＇Kanghuang 1＇ was the highest yield and cg-7 （the control） was the lowest. The pod yields control. Seed kernel yield of 7 varieties of 6 introduced varieties increased by varied from 654.4 to 1845.6 kg/hm^2. ＇ 54.78% to 155.98% than the Kanghuang 1＇ was the highest yield and cg-7 （the control） was the lowest. The seed kernel yields of 6 introduced varieties increased by 55.67% to 182.0% than the control. The pod yields of 7 varieties varied from 2344.5 to 3559.5 kg/hm^2 in the dry season. ＇Fuhua 0621＇ was the highest yield and cg-7 （the control） was the lowest. The pod yields of 6 introduced varieties increased by 7.81% to 51.82% than the control. Seed kernel yield of 7 varieties varied from 1428.0 kg/hm^2 to 2335.05 kg/hm^2. ＇Fuhua 0621＇ was the highest yield and ＇Fuhua 9＇ was the lowest. The seed kernel yields of other 5 varieties of seed yield except ＇Fuhua 9＇, increased by 29.85%-52.99% than cg-7 （CK）. In the dry season, cultivation technology demonstration showed that the pod yields of 4 varieties of Malawi varied from 1900.5 to 3213.0 kg/hm^2. BaKa had the highest yield and Chalimbana had the lowest. The seed yields of 4 varieties varied from 1016.7 to 2307.0 kg/hm^2. BaKa was the highest yield and Chalimbana was the lowest. The test results showed that, the 6 peanut varieties were adapted to the ecological conditions and extensive cultivation habit of Malawi. The peanut cultivation techniques of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences were adapted to 4 peanut varieties of Malawi, and could get high yield. Preliminary study showed that, if air humidity was ≥50%, and could meet the physiological needs of peanut blossom during the flowering phase by using the special ecological environment such as Lake Malawi, and used artificial irrigation, we proved produce of peanut in dry season, this pattern suggested expanding test and extension after demonstration.