运用比较方法 突出中国特色——读陈世雄近著《戏剧人类学》

The Highlight of Chinese Characteristics in a Comparative Perspective: Theatre Anthropology by Chen Shixiong

陈世雄近著《戏剧人类学》和之前国内同类著作的不同之处主要是:1.关注西方人类学的研究成果并且有所批判,进而提出全新的思路;2.以中西比较的方法贯穿全书;3.没有重新论证戏剧起源于仪式,转而着力研究仪式与戏剧的中间形态;4.将现当代戏剧纳入研究范围;5.借鉴西方对"身体"的最新研究成果;6.将"人、傀儡与戏剧"三者关系的研究纳入戏剧人类学。本文评介了该书的主要观点,包括提出"戏剧是人的自我实验"、其方法是通过角色类型(行当)的划分建立"人的谱系";探讨戏曲表演的"大动作"与"微动作";指出写实布景会消解程式化动作的意义;探索男扮女装表演的"中性美";研究傀儡作为"活动菩萨"在祭祀中的意义等等。

Theatre Anthropology by Chen Shixiong stands out from books in the same field in China with the following major characteristics. 1. The author pays close attention to the scholarship of western anthropology, offers critical comments and provides a new perspective. 2. He makes comparisons between the Chinese and the westem throughout the book. 3. The author focuses on the study of the intermediate form between ritual and theatre instead of re-proving the theory that theatre originated from rituals. 4. The book brings the modem and the contemporary theatres into the scope of study. 5. It uses the latest findings in the western research on the ＂body＂. 6. It brings the study of the relationship among ＂human, puppet and theatre＂ into the Theatre Anthropology. This article reviews the major viewpoints of the book, including the notions that ＂theatre is the self-experiments of man＂, that the method is establishing ＂human pedigree＂ through the division of Emploi （formulaic roles）, with the exploration of ＂big movements＂ and ＂minute movements＂ of Xiqu performance, and that realistic settings dispel the meanings of the conventional patterns in the movements of Xiqu, with the ＂neutral beauty＂ of the performance of a male in female disguise, and this article also explores the meanings of puppets as ＂movable Buddha＂ in sacrificial rite etc.