西方权利正义理念的发展演变述评

On Historical Development of Western Concept of Rights Based on Justice

迄今为止,人类追求权利正义的历史大致可以划分为三个阶段。第一个阶段是追求等级式权利正义阶段,这一阶段,权利正义的理念只适用于特定的人或群体。第二个阶段是追求"普遍的个人"的权利正义阶段,这个阶段的权利正义理念在形式上适用于所有个人。第三个阶段是追求实质性权利正义阶段,这个阶段的权利正义理念开始追求"实质性"的权利正义,开始在法理上为民族(族裔)、宗教、文化和语言上的少数族群权利保护提供路径探索,最终发展到社群主义与多元文化主义。自由主义经历这次划时代的转变,其权利正义正式进入少数民族权利保护的理念建构。

So far,the history of pursuing rights based on justice can be roughly divided into three periods.The first is to pursue hierarchical concept(of rights based on justice).During this period,the concept is only for specific people or groups.The second is to pursue a sort of 'universally individual' concept.In this period,the concept is formally applicable to all individuals.The third is the pursuit of substantive concept.During this period,it began to pursue substantive rights based on justice and to provide de jure routes of exploring the protection for minority group rights from the perspective of ethnicity,religion,culture,and linguistics,eventually developed into communitarianism and multiculturalism.Liberalism has experienced this epochal change and its rights based on justice have officially entered the concept construction of the protection for ethnic minority rights.