时空中的思考何以为真?——基于梅勒时间观的时间系统研究(三)

How Is the Thinking in Spacetime True?——A Research of Time System Based on Mellor's View of Time( Ⅲ)

梅勒在探索"思考是什么"这一哲学命题时,是将其置于时间理论中加以考察的。在他看来,思考就是人类在时空中所获得的一种信念,同时间分类方式类似,信念也可被分为A-信念和B-信念,其区分依据是前者以"我和现在"为参照物,后者则不然。由于二者参照物数量和性质上的差异,容易形成概念辨析的不稳定性和模糊性,梅勒为解决此问题寻到了一条"诉诸‘真值条件’"之路。梅勒以"信念同时间是同构的"且"思考只能以时间作为量度"的理由,将思考限制在了时间范围内,但依从"空间是‘时间的空间类似物’"和"B-信念需要空间属性"分析可知,思考只有在时空中才具有可能性。在研究思考何以为真时,梅勒确定了两个"真值条件",但从这两个真值条件出发会导致梅勒理论自身的一个悖论,解决这个悖论的关键在于承认A-信念在探寻真理过程中的基础性作用,并结合B-信念的客观性作用,最终使思考趋近于真理。

Mellor found the philosophic answer of ＂what is thinking＂by his view of time. In his opinion,thinking is human＇s belief in spacetime. According to the Mc Taggart＇s classification of time,beliefs can be divieded into A-beliefs and B-belifes,the former being based on＂I and Now＂as a reference,but not the latter. Because there are some differences in the quantity and nature of reference between A-beliefs and B-beliefs,it is easy to cause instability and fuzziness in the analysis of the concept. To solve this problem,Mellor brought up a possible solution of＂resorting to truth condition＂. Because＂belief is isomorphic with time＂and ＂thinking is only measured by time＂,Mellor limited thinking in time range. But by the analysis of＂space is the spatial analogues of time＂and ＂B-belifes require spatial attribute＂,it is known that thinking comes into existence in spacetime. Athough Mellor identified two＂truth conditions＂for the possibility of thinking to truth,the two truth conditions will lead to a paradox of Mellor＇s theory. The key to resolving this paradox is to admit that A-beliefs have a fundamental role,and remember that B-beliefs have the objective role. In so doing,it is possible for us to approach to truth.