青年恩格斯人学批判视阈下的经济学原相——以《国民经济学批判大纲》和《英国状况:十八世纪》为例

Engels Early Humanism Critique under the Perspective of Economics Theory of Original Phase——Taking “Outline of National Economics Criticism”and“British Situation: 18 Century”as an Example

资产阶级实业家庭出生的恩格斯,其思想演变的轨迹呈现出不同于青年马克思在《犹太人问题》和《<黑格尔法哲学批判>导言》中从哲学批判转为政治批判再转为社会批判的路径。作为这一时期理论固态化的《国民经济学批判大纲》和《英国状况:十八世纪》,完整展现了青年恩格斯人学批判视阈下的经济学理论原相。两个文本在分析商业、工厂制度和科学技术等人与人关系利益化的方法的基础上,着重探讨了竞争在资本主义经济中的核心辐射作用。同时,恩格斯克服了国民经济学家的对立思维,进一步细化了对私有制规律的认识,揭示出资本主义运行中无法克服的经济悖论。

Engels was born in capitalist families, and his ideological evolution trajectory is different from the young Marx presented in the “Jewish Question”and “Critique of Hegel＇ s Philosophy Introduction”, which is from the philosophical criticism to political criticism and then to social criticism. As the theoretical results of this period of “Political Economy Critique Outline” and“British Situation：Eighteenth Century” ,it completely shows the theory of economics＇ original phase with early Engels from perspective of anthropology criticism. The two texts analyzed business, science and technology, the factory system and the interests of the interpersonal relationships, then focuses on the role of competition in the core radiation capitalist economy. At the same time, Engels overcame opposite thinking of national economists, and further refined the understanding of the law on private ownership, revealed the paradox of capitalism in the operation that can not be overcome.