施特劳斯论施米特的自由主义批判

Leo Strauss on Carl Schmitt's Critique of Liberalism

施米特将政治定义为敌我划分的意识,并由此展开对自由主义的猛烈批判。施特劳斯对施米特的《政治的概念》的评注,既引起了施米特本人的赞赏,又引发了他自身思想的转向。在其评注中,施特劳斯通过特定的写作方式指出:在解释学原则上,施米特没能摆脱自由主义思想逻辑的牢笼;在政治定义方面,施米特对自由主义思想体系的应用容易让人误解其真实意图;在其政治概念与霍布斯学说之间的关系上,施米特的反自由主义未能超越霍布斯对自由主义的奠基。总而言之,施特劳斯把施米特理解为一位无法克服自由主义理论前提的反自由主义者,而非政治神学家,也非政治狂热者。

Carl Schmitt defines the political as the awareness of the distinction between friend and enemy,and fiercely attacks liberalism from this point of view. Leo Strauss' s Notes on Schmitt's Concept of the Political is unique among numerous reviews of Schmitt's book, and marks a transition of Strauss' sown thought. In his Notes, Strauss argues in a special way of writing that Schmitt's critique of liber-alism still falls within the realm of liberalism with regard to the method of interpretation, that Schmitt's application of the elements of liberal thought causes misunderstandings of his real intention, andthat Schmitt's anti-liberal position does not go beyond the horizon of liberalism as founded by Thom-as Hobbes. In conclusion, Strauss does not regard Schmitt as a political theologian or a political en-thusiast, but an anti-liberal falling victim to the presupposition of liberal thought.