托克维尔《旧制度与大革命》中的反讽要素

The Ironical Elements in Tocqueville's The Old Regime and the French Revolution

在《元史学:十九世纪欧洲的历史想象》中,美国当代历史理论家海登·怀特揭示了托克维尔历史思想中的反讽要素。本文力图在怀特研究的基础上,分析并梳理托克维尔在《旧制度与大革命》写作中的自我定位、对历史连续性的建构与反讽要素之间的关系,并还尝试将现实情境的要素纳入考察范围,指出托克维尔的个人遭遇同反讽之间的可能性关联。

In his Metahistory： the Historical Imagination in Nineteenth -century Europe, Hayden White analyses elements of Tocqueville＇ s historical works ： although he concentrates on the dia- lectic relationship between humanity and social order in his all works, but tragic pessimism and iron- ical mode underline later thinking of Tocqueville. On the basis of White＇ s Study, this paper tries to analyses the relationship between self - location, the construction of historical continuity, and iron- ical elements, argues that in context reading, there is a strong relation of Tocqueville＇ s personal ex- perienee and his irony style.