科学社会主义学科性质及其研究对象刍议

On the Discipline Nature and Research Subject of Scientific Socialism

学术界普遍认为科学社会主义有广义和狭义之分,并从狭义建构科学社会主义学科,这容易造成人们对马克思主义与科学社会主义关系的误解,在实践中制约了科学社会主义的学科发展。马克思和恩格斯创立的科学社会主义,从形式上讲,是马克思、恩格斯为了区别当时流行于工人运动中各种社会主义观点的一种称谓;从内容上讲,是他们对社会主义思想认识的一次质的飞跃,即把空想社会主义发展为科学社会主义,没有广义和狭义之分;从学科名称上讲,"科学社会主义可称为马克思主义的社会主义学";从研究对象讲,它是研究无产阶级或工人阶级带领人民群众改变资本主义、建设社会主义,实现全人类解放过程及其发展的一般规律的科学。在我国的学科专业目录上,"科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动"应改为"科学社会主义理论与实践"。

In academic circles, it is well known that scientific socialism can be researched in broad and narrow sense, some scholars even construct scientific socialism in narrow sense and this may likely make us misunderstand the relationship between Marxism and scientific socialism and restrict the development of scientific socialism discipline. Scientific socialism created by Marx and Engels, in the sense of form, is Marx＇ and Engels＇ way of expression which is mainly to differentiate their own socialism view from the other socialism views popular in labor movements; and in the sense of content, it is the qualitative change of their understanding of socialism ideology, that is, to develop utopian socialism into scientific socialism. In fact, they never differentiated scientific socialism in broad sense and narrow sense. In the sense of research subject, scientific socialism is the science which researches the general principles to guide proletarian parties leading the masses to change capitalism, build socialism and realize the liberation and development of the whole people. In the list of academic discipline of our country, ＂Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement＂ should be changed into ＂scientific theory and practice on Socialism＂.