城镇职工与农村进城务工人员收入差距的变迁及其影响因素

Income Gap between Urban Residents and Rural Migrants in Chinese Cities

通过设计一个收入差距跨期动态分解法，采用非条件分位数估计方法，利用中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）数据研究了1989～2009年间城镇职工与农村进城务工人员收入差距的演变和影响因素。研究发现：1989—2009年期间两者收入差距显著扩大，但在不同分位数上两者收入差距的变化存在明显差异，在此期间歧视对两者收入差距的贡献趋于下降，劳动力市场分割的贡献持续增大，教育水平的贡献在收入分布低端趋于上升，而在收入分布中高端趋于缩小。20世纪90年代两者收入差距扩大的最重要原因是对农村进城务工人员歧视的加剧，而2000年以来两者收入差距扩大的最重要原因是劳动力市场分割的加剧。降低劳动力市场分割、提高新生代进城务工人员的教育水平和消除对农村进城务工人员的歧视，是未来降低两者收入差距的重要措施。

Drawing upon the CHNS data and using unconditional quantile regression and dynamic decomposition methodology,the paper examines the income differentials and over-time changes between urban residents and rural migrants in Chinese cities from 1989 to 2009. Results show that the income gap has considerably widened during the past twenty years. While the widening income gap in the 1990s was mostly attributable to changes in wage structures effect （discrimination）, the major determinant of the rising income gap after 2000 is changes in labor market segmentation. Thus, policies addressing labor market segmentation and discrimination and improving educational level of the mi- grant workers are ot fundamental importance to reducing the income gap.