1Thomas J. Barfield, The Central Asian Arabs of Afghanistan: Pastoral Nomadism in Transition. Austin University of Texas Press, 1981.
2Thomas J. Barfield, "The Hsiung-nu Imperial Confederacy: Organization and Foreign Policy", The Jour- nal of Asian Studies, Vol. 41, No. 1, 1981, pp.45-61.
3Thomas J. Barfield, The Perilous Frontier--Nomadic Empires and China, 221BC to AD 1757, Cam- bridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1989.
