污水处理系统中厌氧氨氧化菌分布及影响因素

Distribution and influence factors of Anammox bacteria in sewage treatment systems

基于厌氧氨氧化的污水生物脱氮工艺近年来发展迅速,污水处理系统中厌氧氨氧化菌的分布和多样性成为了重要的研究方向。目前,在污水处理系统中曾检测出多种厌氧氨氧化(Anaerobic ammonium oxidation,Anammox)菌,最常被检测出的是待定布罗卡地菌Candidate Brocadia和待定斯图加特库氏菌Candidate Kuenenia的Anammox菌,并且研究发现单一生境下往往只存在一种类型的Anammox菌,但是影响Anammox菌分布和多样性的因素与机制目前仍不明确。系统总结了污水处理系统中,不同工艺形式和运行条件下的Anammox菌分布情况,归纳分析了关键因素对Anammox菌分布的影响,包括底物浓度和微生物比生长速率、污泥性质与微生物生境、多重因素的联合作用和影响等。在此基础上,阐述了Anammox菌分布机制研究的工程意义,并对该领域的研究方向和思路进行了展望。

Nitrogen removal techniques based on Anammox process are developing rapidly these years. The distribution and diversity of Anammox have become important research directions. A variety of Anammox have been detected till now, of which only Kuenenia and Brocadia are often detected in wastewater treatment systems. In addition, in a single niche there is only one type of Anammox bacteria. However, the distribution mechanism and transformation of Anammox bacteria in different niches are still ambiguous. Therefore, the distribution of Anammox in various conditions was summarized and analyzed in this article. And the key factors influencing the distribution of Anammox were concluded, including substrate concentration and the specific growth rate, sludge properties and microbial niche, the joint action and influence of multiple factors. The engineering significance research on the distribution and influencing factors of Anammox bacteria in the sewage system and proposed research prospects were expounded.