中国锰矿成矿规律初探

Study on Metallogenic Regularity of Manganese Ore Deposits in China

中国锰矿资源较丰富,资源量排名在世界上位列第5。中国锰矿种类多样,有海相沉积型、火山-沉积型、碳酸盐岩中热水沉积型(或"层控"型)、与岩浆作用有关的热液型、受变质型及表生型。其中,海相沉积型占资源量的71.4%,表生型占15.7%,是最主要的两种类型。中国锰矿广泛分布于"泛扬子区"、华北陆块的燕辽地区以及天山和祁连山部分地区,尤以"泛扬子区"为最,并具分布广泛又相对集中的总体特征。中国的成锰时代多,中—新元古代、早古生代(寒武纪、奥陶纪)、晚古生代—早中生代是中国锰矿形成的重要时代。中国锰矿时-空分布的主要特征是"北锰南迁":中元古代锰矿主要产于华北陆块的燕辽裂谷带,新元古代—古生代锰矿主要产于"泛扬子区"的大陆边缘盆地或台内盆地中。大型、超大型锰矿床或锰矿田的形成,受控于非构造期盆地性质、古海洋结构、古海水性质及海平面升降等因素,其形成环境存在一定的相似性及同源性。

Manganese ore resources are abundant in China,where the amount of resources ranks the fifth in the world.By the end of 2012,the domestic proven reserves of manganese ore had reached up to 947.29 million tons.Manganese ore types in China are diverse,such as marine sedimentary type,volcanosedimentary type,hydrothermal sedimentary type （or stratabound type）,magmatic hydrothermal type,metamorphic type and supergene type.The marine sedimentary,which accounts for up to 72.6％ and supergene ores take 12.4％ of total resources; they both are predominant among all types.The manganese ores widely occur in the Pan-Yangtze area,Yan-Liao area of North China Craton and parts of Tianshan and Qilian Mountains,especially are mostly concentrated in Pan-Yangtze area,which indicates their distribution characteristics of wide and regional imbalance.The manganese deposits in China were formed mostly in Mesoproterzoic to Neoproterozic,Early Paleozoic （Cambrian and Ordovician）,Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic.Mesoproterzoic manganese deposits are distributed in Yan-Liao rifted zone of North China Craton,and Neoproterozic to Early Paleozoic deposits were situated in margin basins in the PanYangtze area.Metallogenic events of large and super large manganese deposits or ore fields were controlled by basin,structure,seawater properties and sea level of palaeo-ocean and metallogenic environments exhibit similarities and homologies.