中国金矿资源特征及成矿规律概要

Resources Characteristics and Outline of Regional Metallogeny of Gold Deposits in China

我国金矿资源较为丰富,金矿是中国重要的战略矿种之一。本文在全国潜力评价项目开展过程中,在典型矿床研究的基础上,通过对我国资源特征、勘查进展、金矿类型、时空分布、成矿谱系的分析与归纳,初步总结了中国金矿成矿规律。文章总结了我国金矿的资源特征及存在的问题;从预测的角度,将我国金矿分为花岗绿岩型金矿、火山岩型金矿、与岩浆岩有关金矿、沉积建造中的金矿、与表生作用有关金矿等五大预测类型;在统计的基础上,将我国金矿分为新太古代—古元古代、中—新元古代、古生代、中生代和新生代5个成矿期,并初步总结了各成矿期金矿的空间分布特征等;提出了成金带的概念,并划分了53个成金带,概括了其主要特征;厘定出71个与金矿有关的成矿系列,建立了中国金矿成矿谱系。认为应该继续加强我国金矿成矿体系和成矿规律研究,通过理论指导找矿勘查部署并综合评价,以期取得更大的找矿进展。

Gold is one of the most importmant strategic mineral resources in China with its rich minereal resources.In resent years,significant progress was made on the process of gold resources exploration.New discoveries of large and super large gold deposits were made and there have also been important expansions in the main mining regions.Gold deposits in China are classified into the granite-greenstone formation related gold deposit,the sedimentary formation related gold deposit （including the Carlin type and the metamorphosed clastic rock related vein gold deposit）,the volcanic rock gold deposits （including the continental and marine types）,the intrusion related gold deposit （including the porphyry type and the inner intrusion and contact zone related gold deposit）,the hypergenesis related gold deposits （including fracture zone-altered rock gold deposit,placer gold deposit,gossan type gold deposit and soil type gold deposit）.Statistics precise chronology data of gold deposits indicate that there occurred 5 periods of gold-mineralization in geological history of China.They are Late Archaean to Early Proterozoic,MesoNeoproterozoic,Paleozoic,Mesozoic,and Cenozoic.Gold deposits in China were mainly formed in the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic.On the studies of the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of gold deposits,53 Ⅲ-level gold-forming belt were divided in China.The metallogenic regularity of gold deposits was preliminarily summarized,and 71 gold ore-forming series were divided for China.Generally,great potentials exist in gold exploration in China.