牙髓干细胞诱导分化为血管内皮细胞的研究进展

Research progress on dental pulp stem cells differentiation into vascular endothelial cells

血管内皮细胞是血管的核心,表达一些特异性标志物如血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR2)、CD31和血浆血管性血友病因子等,具有在基质胶上形成管状结构的特征。牙髓干细胞是具有自我更新能力和多向分化潜能的一类成体间质干细胞,在添加不同成分诱导物的条件培养基中可定向分化为成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、软骨细胞和神经细胞。体外研究发现,在添加血管内皮生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子成分的低血清培养基培养一段时期后,牙髓干细胞可以表达内皮细胞标志物,同时具有形成血管状结构能力;体内研究发现,牙髓干细胞可促进低血区域组织血管生成和血流灌注,进一步证实牙髓干细胞亦可定向分化为内皮细胞。

Vascular endothelial cells are the core of the vessels. These cells express some specific markers, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2, CD31, and the von Willebrand factor. These cells can promote the formation of tube structures in matrigel. Dental pulp stem cells has potential for self-renewal and differentiation into a variety of cell types, including osteoblast-like cells, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and neural-like cells in different medium with various content of inducer. Dental pulp stem cells also express endothelial cell markers and form vascular-like structure in vitro when cultured in low-serum culture medium added with vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor. In vivo studies suggest that these cells can promote angiogenesis and blood perfusion of regional ischemic tissue, which further confirms that dental pulp stem cells can also be differentiated into endothelial cells.