低碳发展的产业结构政策研究

A Study on the Industrial Structure and Policies for Low Carbon Growth

在中国当前的发展阶段,由于工业化、城镇化的任务尚未完成,低碳发展更多的是对能源消费强度和碳排放强度下降的要求。由于高耗能、高排放产业比重大,中国实现减排目标面临着艰巨的任务,实现低碳发展必须在产业政策上做出调整。中国产业结构演变呈现经济增长趋缓、产业结构轻型化和低碳化、能源产业结构低碳化的趋势。促进低碳发展的产业政策目标是多元的,因此必须要在减排目标、经济和社会发展、能源安全等多个目标之间做出权衡。低碳发展的产业结构政策要严格限制钢铁、水泥、有色等高耗能产业的发展和控制高耗能产业规模,通过扩大其他产业规模逐步降低高耗能产业的比重;培育和创造新的产业竞争力,包括发展战略性新兴产业、先进制造业等;优化能源供给结构,加强低碳技术研发,支持低碳应用市场发展,建立促进低碳发展的激励机制。

In the current stage of development,as it has not yet completed the process of industrialization and urbanization,China has to rely on the reduction of energy consumption intensity and carbon emission intensity to achieve low-carbon growth.As the share of energy gobbling and high-emission industries is large,China is facing great challenges to achieve its emission reduction objectives and therefore has to adjust its industry poli- cies in order to achieve low-carbon growth.A trend is apparent while China is adjusting its industry structure that the economic growth slows,the industry structure is increasingly light and low carbon and the structure of the energy industry is increasingly low carbon.Industry policies that promote low-carbon growth should be diversified and therefore China has to seek a balance among emission reduction objectives,economic and so- cial development objectives and energy security objectives.The industry policies suitable for a low-carbon e- conomy must strictly restrict the growth and control the sizes of energy gobbling industries such as iron and steel,cement and non-ferrous metals and gradually reduce the share of high energy-consumption industries by expanding the sizes of other industries.These policies should also help develop and create new industrial com- petiveness,including developing strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing industries,optimize the structure of energy supply,strengthen research and development of low-carbon technology,support the de- velopment of low-carbon application market,and establish an incentive system to promote low-carbon growth.