世界油页岩勘探开发加工利用近况——并记2014年国外两次油页岩国际会议

Current Status of the World′s Exploration and Utilization of Oil Shale——A Review of Two Oil Shale International Symposiums held in 2014

2014年,第二届国际油页岩会议在约旦死海召开,美囯科罗拉多矿业学院召开了第34届国际油页岩会议。世界油页岩资源折算为页岩油约有5×1012t。当前世界每年油页岩干馏生产页岩油约140×104t,其中中国78×104t、爱沙尼亚50×104t、巴西18×104t,澳大利亚有少量生产。颗粒页岩固体热载体干馏炼油工艺成为主要发展方向。爱沙尼亚能源公司在爱耐飞特140的基础上,建设了日处理6000t颗粒页岩的大型干馏新工艺装置爱耐飞特280。爱沙尼亚化学集团从俄罗斯引进葛洛特工艺并加以改进,命名为彼得罗特装置,已建成两台,正在进行试产。中国则引进了颗粒页岩干馏的大型工业装置,并自主创新筹建颗粒页岩干馏工业试验装置。美国至今仍无页岩干馏炼油的工业生产,但有多家公司和大学在进行油页岩地下和地上干馏炼油的现场开发和基础研究。世界上利用油页岩燃烧产汽发电的国家有爱沙尼亚、中国、以色列和德国,其中爱沙尼亚的规模最大,其他都较小。德国、法国、加拿大、意大利等发达国家的一些公司也参与了油页岩开发活动。

Two international conferences on oil shale were held worldwide in 2014-the 2nd International Oil Shale Conference in Jordan and the 34th International Oil Shale Conference at Colorado School of Mines.There are currently about 5×10^12t of shale oil equivalent of oil shale resources worldwide.The world＇s current shale oil production based on retorting methods stands at about 140×10^4t,including 78×10^4t in China,50×10^4t in Estonia,18×10^4t in Brazil and a small production in Australia.The granular oil shale solid thermal carrier re- torting technology is now the direction of shale oil production technology development.Based on the Enefitl40 plant,Eesti Energia has established a large retorting plant using innovative technology-Enefit280,which is ca- pable of processing 6000 tons of granular oil shale.Using improved oil shale technology,which is derived from the Russian Galoter technology,VKG has established two Petroter plants and is testing them in pilot production.China has introduced large industrial granular oil shale retorting plants and is preparing to build pilot-scale granular oil shale retorting plants based on its innovative expertise.No commercial oil shale retort- production has begun in the United States yet,but some companies and universities in the country are engaging in field development and basic researches on both aboveground and underground oil shale retorting. Some countries,including Estonia,China,Israel and Germany,are generating electricity using steam produced by burning oil shale.Estonia is the biggest power producer using oil shale as fuel and the power generating capacities of the other countries are all still small.Companies in some developed countries such as Germany, France ,Canada and Italy are also participating in oil shale development.