精原干细胞niche的研究进展

Research Progress of Spermatogonial Stem Cells Niche

精原干细胞(spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs)是指睾丸内位于曲精细管基膜上既能自我更新维持自身适量恒定,又能定向分化产生精母细胞的一类原始精原细胞。随着干细胞深入的研究,人们发现了一种控制着干细胞可塑性与命运的微环境,此微环境被称为干细胞niche,干细胞niche由niche细胞、细胞外基质、细胞因子等构成。精原干细胞niche是由黏附因子、生长因子、支持细胞、间质细胞以及小管周肌肉细胞组成。大量的研究表明支持细胞在睾丸中是主要的成体细胞,通过分泌可溶性的因子来影响精原干细胞niche的结构与功能,同时支持细胞还能够间接的影响其他的成体细胞。随着年龄的增长使得精原干细胞niche的功能下降。精原干细胞数量以及精原干细胞niche为我们研究组织特异性干细胞生物学以及保持再生组织平衡提供了很宝贵的线索,精原干细胞对于保持组织的自我更新具有很重要的作用,并且受到人们大量的关注,然而精原干细胞niche也起到很重要的作用,它为治疗一些疾病提供新途径.本文将综述精原干细胞niche及其变化对精原干细胞功能调节的相关研究进展。

Spermatogonial stem cell called SSC is located on the basement membrance of seminferous tubular in a testis, which has the ability of self-renewal in order to maintain its proper constant, and gives birth to spermatocyte. With the development of the research of stem cell, the researchers have found the mieroenvironment called the stem cell niche which control the destiny and waxiness of stem cell. The stem cell niche comprises the niche cells, extracellular matrix and cytokines. The evidence suggests that Sertoli cells are a key support cell population influencing the formation and function of niches by secreting soluble factors and possibly orchestrating contributions of other support cells. There is evidence of an age-related decline inniche function. However, the SSC population and niche comprise a valuable system for study that provides knowledge about the biology of tissue-specific stem cells and their capacity to sustain homeostasis of regenerating tissue. While the stem cell is essential for maintenance of all self-renewing tissues, the role of niche cells is also important and may be more receptive to modification in regenerative medicine. This article will summarize how the stem cell niche can regulate the function of stem cell and related research.