诺如病毒的研究进展

Research progress of norovirus

诺如病毒(Norovirus)可感染人和动物引起急性病毒性胃肠炎。随着分子生物学、病毒细胞培养和动物模型研究方面的发展,不同类群诺如病毒全基因组测序完成、病毒体外增殖和衣壳蛋白分别获得真核、原核和植物系统体外表达,从而对该病毒的特性有了一些新的认识和观点。本文从诺如病毒的基因组结构与功能、细胞培养、组织嗜性、流行病学、病毒的感染机制、检测方法和疫苗发展7个方面入手,系统介绍了该病毒国内外的研究现状以及其中存在的问题;其中,对该病毒的细胞培养、组织嗜性及其疫苗的研究已成为热点。本文还对诺如病毒分子进化、检测技术和病毒的传播扩散等提出了不同的观点。

Norovirus infection in human and animals can cause acute viral gastroenteritis. With molecular biology, cell culture and animal models of development, the different groups of norovirus genome sequenced, the virus capsid protein ex- pressed in vitro in eukaryotic, prokaryotic and plant systems, and thus the characteristics of the virus with some new under- standing and perspective. Recently, an increasing number of studies were focused on the norovirus and related topics along with the research progress all around the world. Here we systematically expound the latest advances in norovirus research from different aspects, such as genome structure and function, cell culture, tissue tropism, epidemiology, virus infection mechanism, detection methods and vaccine development. Furthermore, different viewpoints for norovirus molecular evolution, detection technology and transmission route will be discussed as well.