摘要
黑瘤是有升起的发生和死亡率的皮肤癌症的最致命的形式。尽管早阶段的黑瘤是高度可医好的，先进阶段的黑瘤对治疗倔强。这象需要一样强调预防和早察觉的重要性改进人的黑瘤的治疗和预知。人的黑瘤罐头帮助的开始和前进的阐明的位于这疾病的预防，诊断，治疗，和预后下面机制为识别干预的潜在的目标。异常 DNA methylation 和 histone 修正是 carcinogenesis 的建立最好的 epigenetic 机制。epigenetic 的出现通过途径为关于人的黑瘤的基本、翻译的研究为一条有希望的大街提供的 pharmacologic/genetic 在癌症和他们的可逆性的临床的诊断以前变化。候选人基因或染色体宽的异常 DNA methylation 和 histone 修正在人的黑瘤肿瘤纸巾和房间线被观察了，并且相关到细胞、功能的特征或这恶意的 clinicopathological 特征。现在的评论与人的黑瘤相关在异常 DNA methylation 和 histone 修正上总结出版研究。代表性的研究被加亮在研究的这些 epigenetic 领域里提出知识，在 knowledgebase 的差距，和未来方向的当前的状态。epigenetic 治疗的例子在 vitro，和挑战申请了人的黑瘤它的在里面为稳固的肿瘤的临床的治疗的 vivo 申请被讨论。
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer with rising incidence and mortality rates. Although early-stage melanoma is highly curable, advanced-stage melanoma is refractory to treatment. This underscores the importance of prevention and early detection as well as the need to improve treatment and prognostication of human melanoma. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the initi- ation and progression of human melanoma can help identify potential targets of intervention for prevention, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of this disease. Aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications are the best-established epigenetic mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The occurrence of epigenetic changes prior to clinical diagnosis of cancer and their reversibility through pharmaco-logic/genetic approaches offer a promising avenue for basic and translational research on human melanoma. Candidate gene（s） or genome-wide aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications have been observed in human melanoma tumor tissues and cell lines, and correlated to cellular and functional characteristics and/or clinicopathologicai features of this malignancy. The present review summarizes the published researches on aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications in connection with human melanoma. Representative studies are highlighted to set forth the current state of knowledge, gaps in the knowledgebase, and future directions in these epigenetic fields of research. Examples of epigenetic therapy applied for human melanoma in vitro, and the challenges of its in vivo application for clinical treatment of solid tumors are discussed.
