载人航天CO_2还原技术的发展与选择

Development and Choice of Carbon Dioxide Reduction Technology in Manned Spaceflight

CO2还原是目前国际空间站CO2处理的一个重要环节。CO2还原技术不仅可以实现对人体代谢产生的CO2进行处理,还可以与电解水技术结合起来实现氧气的再生。空间站所采用的CO2还原技术包括Sabatier、Bosch、CO2电解、CO2热解等还原方法。经过三十多年的理论与实验研究,最终Sabatier还原法被确定为国际空间站的CO2还原方案。然而,Sabatier方法的循环闭合度较低,难以应用在宇宙深空探测等更长期的载人航天任务中。其他可实现完全闭合的还原法仍有可能在技术充分发展后,取代Sabatier成为性能更优的还原技术。

CO2reduction is an important part of the international space station CO2 treatment. CO2 reduction technology can not only remove the CO2 generated by human metabolism process,but also be combined with electrolyzed water technology together to achieve oxygen regeneration. CO2 reduction technology used in space station includes Sabatier,Bosch,CO2 electrolysis and CO2 pyrolysis. After thirty years of theoretical and experimental research,Sabatier reduction was ultimately identified as the CO2 reduction method in the International Space Station. However,because of its low closure,Sabatier method is difficult to be applied in even longer manned space missions such as the deep space exploration. Other methods that can accomplish complete close reduction may take the place of Sabatier method after their maturity and become superior reduction technologies.