地沟油在醇基燃料中资源化利用关键技术研究

Research on key technology of resource utilization for waste oil in the alcohol-based fuel

以地沟油和甲醇为原料,以氢氧化钾为催化剂,研究了地沟油生产生物柴油的工艺,以酯化率为考察指标,探讨了醇油摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度和催化剂用量对酯交换反应酯化率的影响,确定了地沟油生产生物柴油的最适宜条件为反应温度65℃,反应时间2.5h,醇油质量比为1∶5,催化剂用量为9%(占油质量比),其转化率可达到92.1%,该最佳制备条件稳定性和重现性良好,且以此最佳条件制备的生物柴油流动性能和燃烧性能较好;同时从正己醇、油酸、仲辛醇和环已醇中筛选出1∶1∶1正己醇-油酸-仲辛醇为助溶剂,以此为助溶剂的生物柴油--醇基燃料溶液均一稳定,互溶效果良好。还研究了促燃剂二茂铁对生物柴油-醇基混合燃料燃烧热的影响,结果表明当二茂铁为0.60%时,助燃效果好,而且减少了消烟和炭残渣遗留量。最终获得了生物柴油-醇基燃料最佳配方为生物柴油12%,助溶剂8%,助燃剂0.60%。以此配方生产的生物柴油-醇基混合燃料污染小,热值高,且经济效益良好。

Used cooking oil and methanol as raw materials, potassium hydroxide as catalyst, the biodiesel production process of waste oil was studied. The esterification rate used as the process index, influence of molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction time, reaction temperature and catalyst on esterification rate of transesterification reaction were discussed. The most suitable conditions of biodiesel produced by waste oil were determined., the reaction temperature was 65 ℃ ,reaction time 2.5h, alcoholto oil mass ratio of 1 ： 5, catalyst amount of 9 % （accounting for oil mass ratio ）, the conversion rate reached 92.1%. Under the optimal preparation conditions stability and reproducibility were good, and thus prepared biodiesel with good flow property and combustion. Simultaneously from n-hexyl alcohol,oleic acid, sec-octyl alcohol and cyclohexanol screened hexanol-oleic acid-octanol of 1 ： 1 ： 1 as cosolvent, the - fuel solution based biodiesel - alcohol was uni- form, stable and miscible because used the cosolvent, also discussed The effect of adding ferrocene combustion promoter on heat of combustion of biodieselalcohol mixed fuel. The results showed that when the ferrocene was 0.60% ,the combustion effect was good,and also reduced the amount of smoke and carbon residue. The best formula for the alcohol-based fuel was biodiesel 12%, cosolvent 8% and combustion adjuvant 0.60%.