Modeling of multi-depth slanted airgun source for deghosting

多深度倾斜气枪震源消除鬼波的理论模拟研究（英文）

To obtain high-resolution of the subsurface structure, we modeled multidepth slanted airgun sources to attenuate the source ghost. By firing the guns in sequence according to their relative depths, such a source can build constructive primaries and destructive ghosts. To evaluate the attenuation of ghosts, the normalized squared error of the spectrum of the actual vs the expected signature is computed. We used a typical 680 cu.in airgun string and found via simulations that a depth interval of 1 or 1.5 m between airguns is optimum when considering deghosting performance and operational feasibility. When more subarrays are combined, preliminary simulations are necessary to determine the optimum depth combination. The frequency notches introduced by the excess use of subarrays may negatively affect the deghosting performance. Two or three slanted subarrays can be combined to remove the ghost effect. The sequence combination may partly affect deghosting but this can be eliminated by matched filtering. Directivity comparison shows that a multi-depth slanted source can significantly attenuate the notches and widen the energy transmission stability area.

本文提出利用在不同深度处倾斜放置气枪子阵,对不同深度处单枪或相干枪延时激发的方法压制震源端鬼波,从而改善震源子波分辨率。采用延时激发的方法可以构造同相叠加的首波以及被相对压制掉的鬼波。为了合理评价倾斜震源对于鬼波压制的效果,提出了以实际子波和不受鬼波影响的期望子波频谱之间的归一化平方误差为标准,以深度间隔、气枪组合次序、子阵数目等为变量的最优化问题。针对680cu.in经典枪阵研究表明,在综合考虑去鬼波效果和野外施工可操作性,相邻单枪之间的深度间隔为1m-1.5为较为合理的选择。多个子阵在进行组合时,需要对组合效果进行前期模拟确定最佳深度组合,过多的子阵数目由于会引人大量陷波频率,反而会影响鬼波压制效果,在本次实例研究中,2-3个子阵是较为合理的选择。气枪组合次序会一定程度上影响鬼波压制效果,但不同次序结果差异可以通过简单匹配滤波消除。方向性对比表明多深度倾斜气枪震源能够有效地补偿消除陷波效应的影响,同时改善能量传播的稳定性。