稀疏时频分解方法的研究与运用（英文）

Application of sparse time-frequency decomposition to seismic data

Gabor变换和S变换是常用的时频分析工具。根据测不准原理,它们的时频分解结果无法在时间域和频率域同时具有很高的分辨率。为了提高非平稳信号时频分解结果的分辨率,本文提出瞬时频率分布函数(IFDF)并利用它表达非平稳信号。当非平稳信号时频成分的分布满足测不准原理对信号可分辨的要求时,瞬时频率分布函数的支集和短时Fourier变换的小波脊支集是同一个集合。利用IFDF的该特征,本文提出一种迭代算法(Sparse-STFT)实现了信号的稀疏时频分解。该算法在每次迭代过程中利用残留信号的短时Fourier变换结果的脊支集更新信号的时频成分,每次迭代得到的时频成分的叠加结果即为最终的稀疏时频分解结果。文中的数值实验证明了Sparse-STFT可以有效地提高非平稳信号时频分解结果的分辨率。最后,本文将该方法应用于地震数据面波的压制中,取得了理想的处理结果。

The Gabor and S transforms are frequently used in time-frequency decomposition methods. Constrained by the uncertainty principle, both transforms produce low-resolution time-frequency decomposition results in the time and frequency domains. To improve the resolution of the time-frequency decomposition results, we use the instantaneous frequency distribution function（IFDF） to express the seismic signal. When the instantaneous frequencies of the nonstationary signal satisfy the requirements of the uncertainty principle, the support of IFDF is just the support of the amplitude ridges in the signal obtained using the short-time Fourier transform. Based on this feature, we propose a new iteration algorithm to achieve the sparse time-frequency decomposition of the signal. The iteration algorithm uses the support of the amplitude ridges of the residual signal obtained with the short-time Fourier transform to update the time-frequency components of the signal. The summation of the updated time-frequency components in each iteration is the result of the sparse timefrequency decomposition. Numerical examples show that the proposed method improves the resolution of the time-frequency decomposition results and the accuracy of the analysis of the nonstationary signal. We also use the proposed method to attenuate the ground roll of field seismic data with good results.