荧光定量PCR技术在α地中海贫血基因筛查与诊断中的研究

Study on genetic screening and diagnosis of alpha thalassemia by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR

目的 了解本地区孕妇α地中海贫血基因携带情况及其血液学特点,为预防地中海贫血出生缺陷提供科学数据.方法 采用荧光定量PCR技术,对1000例孕妇进行α地中海贫血基因筛查与诊断,阳性标本用传统地中海贫血基因诊断方法进行验证;并同时用血红蛋白电泳技术对该1000例孕妇样本进行α地中海贫血筛查.结果 1000例孕妇中α地中海贫血基因携带16例,携带率为1.6％,基因型分别是：缺失型16例,突变型0例;传统α地中海贫血基因诊断方法验证：基因型分别是：缺失型16例,突变型0例,结果全部吻合;血红蛋白毛细管电泳筛查提示有α地中海贫血者5例.结论 本地区α地中海贫血基因携带率为1.6％,采用合理的方法进行育龄孕妇普遍筛查对预防出生缺陷的发生有积极意义.

Objective To investigate the gene carried condition and hematological characteristics of α-thalassemia in pregnant women in HuZhou area,and provide scientific data for prevention of birth defects with thalassemia.Methods Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR （Real-time PCR） was applied for genetic screening and diagnosis of alpha thalassemia on 1000 cases of pregnant women.Positive samples were verified by traditional gene diagnosis of α-thalassemia,meanwhile using hemoglobin electrophoresis technology to screen alpha thalassemia.Results 16 cases were detected α-thalassemia and the thus α-thalassemia carrier ratio was 1.6%.16 patients were diagnosed as deletion type of α-thalassemia,while mutantion type was not detected.These results were the same as checked by traditional gene diagnosis of α-thalassemia.All samples screening for hemoglobin by capillary zone electrophores,α-thalassaemia screening was positive in 5 cases.Conclusion The α-thalassemia gene carrying rate of pregnant women in Huzhou city was 1.6%.Using reasonable methods to screen pregnant women has positive significance on prevention of the occurrence of birth defects.