青海德尔尼铜矿爆破效果评估及优化

Blasting Effect Evaluation and Optimization of Deerni Copper Mine in Qinghai

青海德尔尼铜矿一直以来爆破效果不佳,针对大块率高、根底状况差、爆堆分散、铲装效率低、生产缓慢的现状,应用模糊综合评估模型对4 254、4 398 m平台爆破效果进行评估优化。运用数学方法拟合和考虑各子集评估体系之间的相互关系,对定性指标量化、定量指标无量纲化后确定其评估权重,在此基础上形成德尔尼铜矿爆破效果评估综合模型,计算分析评估结果。总结出由于施工管理不当,导致现场凿岩穿孔出现超钻欠钻、装药结构不合理、充填高度不够、爆破网络设计与现场需求不够匹配等影响爆破效果的主要因素。基于现状,通过试验对比,依据具体施工地质条件,改进爆破工艺设计,分别设计普通平台以及靠近边坡2种爆破网络图。分析结果表明,该评估优化可指导德尔尼铜矿爆破生产、改善爆破效果、提高矿山生产能力、增加经济效益,对实现露天矿爆破效果的改善具有指导意义。

There are always poor blasting effect in Qinghai Deerni Copper Mine. In view of the high level of big block rate,bad bottom conditions,dispersive blasting piles,low loading efficiency,and low production efficiency,the comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model was used to evaluate and optimize the blasting effect at 4 254,4 398 m platform. Therefore,the open-pit mine blasting effect evaluation model was set up,and the weight of the quantization of the qualitative index,and the non-dimen-sionalizing of the quantitative index are determined by means of mathematical fitting methods and considering the relationship between each evaluation sub-system. Based on these,the comprehensive evaluation model for blasting effect of Deerni Copper Mine is formed,and the evaluation results are calculated and analyzed. The key factors of affecting the blasting such as over or less drilling in on-site field,unreasonable charging structure,insufficient filling height,and non-matching between the blasting network design and the demand resulted from the improper management are summarized. Based on the current situation and the comparative tests,the blasting process design is modified in the light of the specific geological conditions in construction for separately designing the common platform and two kinds of blasting network diagrams near the slope. The results show that the evaluation model can guide the blasting in Deerni Copper Mine and improve the blasting effect,and the ability of mine produc-tion,as well as economic efficiency. So it offers some guiding significance for improving the blasting effect of open-pit mine.