汶川地震四年后灾区高中生领悟社会支持与创伤后心理反应的相关性研究

Association of Perception of Social Support and Post-traumatic Psychic Response of Senior High School Students Four Years after Wenchuan Earthquake

目的探讨汶川地震四年后灾区高中生领悟社会支持与创伤后心理反应之间的关系。方法 2012年9月,在汶川地震重灾区两所高中(茂县中学、北川中学),按年级分层随机抽取750名学生进行问卷调查,调查量表包括领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、事件影响量表(IES-R)中文版、创伤后成长评定量表(PTGI-R)。采用方差分析和相关分析探讨领悟社会支持与创伤后心理反应之间的关系。结果领悟社会支持得分女生高于男生(P<0.05),不同年级、民族和地区间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。领悟社会支持低分组的唤醒、回避得分比高分组高,创伤后成长得分比高分组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。领悟社会支持与创伤后应激障碍的典型相关分析仅有一组典型相关变量达到了统计学水平,典型相关系数为0.335(P<0.001);领悟社会支持与创伤后成长的典型相关分析中有两组典型相关变量达到统计学水平,典型相关系数分别为0.531(P<0.001)、0.120(P<0.05)。领悟家庭内社会支持较低的个体更容易出现唤醒的症状,领悟到家庭外支持较多时,对生活的欣赏及与他人的关系两方面表现出更多的成长。结论领悟社会支持是灾区高中生远期创伤后心理反应的重要影响因素。

ObjeCtive To investigate the relationship between perception of social support and post _ traumatic psychic response of senior high school students four years after Wenchuan earthquake. Methods A total of 750 senior high school students selected from two high schools（Maoxian high school and Beichuan high school）located in the hard _ hit areas in September 2012 by grade _ stratified random sampling method were investigated by the Perceived Social Support Scale（PSSS）,Impact of Event Scale（IES _ R）and Post _ traumatic Growth Inventory（PTGI _ R）. Variance analysis and correlation analysis were used to explore the relationship between the two. Results Girls scored higher in perception of social support than boys（p 〈 0. 05）,but there were no differences in grade,nationality and location（p 〉 0. 05）. The scores of avoidance and arousal in low perceived social support group were higher but the score of post _ traumatic growth was lower;the differences were significant（p 〈 0. 05）. Only one set of canonical correlation variable about perceived social support and PTSD reached significant level and the canonical correlation coefficient was 0. 335（ p 〈 0. 001）;there were two sets in perceived social support and PTG and the canonical correlation coefficients were 0. 531（ p 〈 0. 001）and 0. 120（ p 〈 0. 05）respectively. People with low perception of family support were more likely to appear the symptom of arousal. People with high non _ family support displayed more growth in appreciation of life and relation with others. ConClusion For senior high school students,perceived social support is the major contributor to long _ term post _ traumatic psychic response.