1983~2013年江苏盐城滨海湿地景观格局变化特征

Variation of landscape pattern in Jiangsu Yancheng coastal wetland 1983 - 2013

利用遥感和地理信息系统技术,通过分析江苏盐城滨海湿地1983~2013年景观格局变化过程,定量分析湿地景观组分保留率和湿地类型特定转移过程贡献率,研究景观演变的结构特征及变化方向。结果表明：1983~2013年间,江苏盐城滨海湿地自然景观面积总计减少1211.22 km2,比重下降21.63%,呈逐年递减趋势。人工景观的面积逐步攀升,2013年较1983年面积增加达1492.09 km2。其中盐田面积减小,养殖塘的面积增加到达930.28 km2。自然景观中,海水水域的保留率较高（74.4%）,转出类型主要为光泥滩。人工景观中农田林地和养殖塘的保留率较高,分别为79.0%、60.9%,主要转出类型分别为建筑用地（76.1%）、农田林地（86.6%）。自然演替优势转移型累积贡献率为26.98%,人类主导转移型累积贡献率为44.00%,其中对自然湿地的围垦累积贡献率为35.21%。可见,近30 a江苏盐城滨海湿地景观格局动态变化人类活动为主导因素,主要体现为对自然湿地的围垦。

This paper concerned with utilize RS and GIS technic to analyzing the variation process of Landscape pattern in Jiangsu Yancheng Coastal Wetland 1983 ~ 2013. Wetland Component retention rate by quantitative analysis method and wetland type contribution rate of specific transfer process. The structure characteristic and change of landscape evolution direction. The result shows that： 1983 ~ 2013,the natural landscape area in Jiangsu Yancheng coastal wetland reduced by 1211. 22 km2,its proportion declined 21. 63%,presents Gradually decreasing trend. Compared 2013 with 1983,the area of artificial Landscape increased to 1492. 09 km2 year after year,Salt field area appears falls,Breeding pondareas have the growth to 930. 28 km2. Among the natural wetland landscape,retention rate of sea water relatively high（ 74. 4%）,the most of the export type is mud flat. Among the artificial Landscape,the retention of Farm woodland and Breeding pond is relatively high,they are 79. 0% and 60. 9% respectively,the most of export type are Building lots（ 76. 1%） 、Farm woodland（ 86. 6%） 。The cumulative contribution rate of natural succession advantage transfer is 35. 21%. Thus,the dominant factor of the dynamic variation of the Landscape pattern in Jiangsu Yancheng coastal wetland 1983 ~ 2013 human activity,mainly reflects in enclose tideland for cultivation of naturalwetland.