油污损害赔偿基金之法理基础探讨

Discussion on the jurisprudential basis of the oil pollution compensation fund

油污损害赔偿基金是为保护海洋环境和海洋油污事故受害人而建立的一种环境侵权社会化分摊救济方式。依据庇古的外部性理论,油污损害赔偿基金的征收是对企业外部不经济性的一种内部化。依据亚里士多德的分配正义和矫正正义理论,油污损害赔偿基金既是一种正义的重新分配,也是依据传统的侵权救济方法无法使被破坏的正义恢复原状时的一种矫正。罗尔斯的两个正义原则,尤其是"差别原则",说明油污损害赔偿基金对受害人给予充分救济的重要性。

Oil Pollution Compensation Fund,established for protecting marine environment and victims who suffered loss and damages from oil spill incidents,is a socialized remedy for environmental tort. According to Pigou＇s Theory of Externality,contribution of the Oil Pollution Compensation Fund is a sort of internalization of environment costs for external diseconomy of enterprises. Basing on the Distributive Justice and Corrective Justice theory put forward by Aristotle,Oil Pollution Compensation Fund is the re-distribution of justice,and also correction of justice in the case that the impaired justice can＇t be restored on the ground of traditional tort law. Rawls has raised two justice principles,of which the Difference Principle illustrates the significance of Oil Pollution Compensation Fund＇s payment to claimants.