“利维坦”:关于霍布斯学说中的战争与和平问题

Leviathan: War and Peace in the Theory of Hobbes

霍布斯的政治哲学深刻影响了现代国家秩序的基本原则,而他以"主权学说"为核心的国家理论又来源于对战争与和平问题的独到见解。霍布斯通过"自然状态"理论表达了他对战争原因的理解,在缺乏统一政治权威的情况下,人们之间相互为敌的激情与对善恶问题不可调和的主观理解必然引发持续不断的战争。而唯有代表国家的主权者能压制人们的激情,并提供关于善恶问题的统一标准。霍布斯将恐惧作为和平秩序的根基,创造了一种不同于古典传统的崭新的政治原则。

Hobbes' s political philosophy has profound influence on the basic principle of the modern state order,but his ' sovereignty theory' at the core of state theory came from his unique insights- issues of war and peace. Through the ' state of nature' theory,Hobbes tried to express his understanding of the causes of war,that is,in the absence of a unified political authority,people's irreconcilable subjective misunderstanding for the good and evil triggers continuous wars. It is the only state sovereignty on behalf of the state that could make people's passion under control and give a unified standard for the good and the evil. Hobbes took fear as the base for peace and created a brand-new political principle that differs from that of classical tradition.