论张爱玲的小说间离审美理论

Zhang Ailing's Theory of Aesthetic Alienation for Novels

"隔"与"不隔"是王国维重要的美学概念,张爱玲则从京戏间离处理方法与技巧里提炼出"洋人看京戏"的小说审美理论。外行看热闹,洋人看京戏始终与京戏"隔"着一层,但他也自得其乐;内行看门道,行家看京戏与京戏"不隔",他看到京戏唱念做打功夫及文化底蕴,心领神会。张爱玲认为艺术家要具备洋人看京戏与行家看京戏"隔"与"不隔"两种视角,既能站在生活之内看人生,也能站在生活之外看人间。通过"隔"与"不隔",艺术家在世界、作品与读者之间建立一个适当的审美距离,便于读者思考人生与人性中的问题,从而达到一种间离审美效果。

Alienation and non-alienation are important aesthetic concepts proposed by Wang Guowei. Zhang Ailing drew on alienation skills in Peking opera to form her aesthetic theory of novels known as ＂foreigners watching Peking opera＂. According to Zhang , foreigners see Peking opera from the perspective of alienation： they know little about the opera but can still enjoy it. Experts, however, see Peking opera from the perspective of non-alienation and can fully appreciate its music, vocal performance, mime, dance, acrobatics and cultural values. Zhang believed that artists should be equipped with the two perspectives; that is, they can view the world as both insiders and outsiders. Alienation and non-alienation enable artists to keep a suitable aesthetic distance between the world, works and readers. At this distance, readers can better think about life and humanity, thus achieving aesthetic effect of alienation.