一生多半在车船——李笠翁“苦游”四海

Half of My Life in a Carriage or Boat Travelling:On Li Liweng's “Hard Journey”around China

李笠翁一生不断搬家和出游,自谓"一生多半在车船",当是实录。单说长游,就有五次:最早的一次是康熙三四年间游粤;紧接着是康熙五至七年游京师连着游晋秦;回金陵住了一年多后,于康熙九年游闽;又隔一年,游楚;最后是康熙十二至十三年第二次游京师。此外,笠翁还在68岁高龄时,于贫病交加之中作了一次湖州之游。在别人,外出大都是"乐"游;而在笠翁,则是"苦"游。在别人,是衣食无忧,到外面长见识,增阅历,或观赏大自然的美景;而在笠翁,则是去"就食",即像牧民"逐水草而居"找饭吃。别人是"吃饱了饭"去游玩"消食";而笠翁却是"饿着肚子"出游"找食",自谓"为饥驱而走四方"。当然,"苦"中有乐,"饥驱四方,遍历名胜";同时也有收获——除"化缘"得"食"之外,还收获了诗文,也收获了友谊。但是,笠翁出游,"苦"是主打,"乐"是陪衬;"苦"是正业,"乐"是副产品。

As he gave an account of himself in his poem ,“Half of my life has been in a carriage or a boat travelling”, which, can be a truthful depiction , Li Liweng（1611-1680 ） kept moving and travelling through-out his life .Long-distance travels alone amounted to five times：the earliest one was the journey to Yue （ cur-rently Guangdong province） during the third and fourth years under Kangxi ’s reign, right after which, was the tour from the Capital to Jin and Qin（ currently Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province ） from the fifth to the sev-enth years under Kangxi ’ s reign; He went back to Jinling （ currently Nanjing city ）then and stayed there for more than one year , and was on his way again to Min （ currently Fujian province ） in the ninth year under Kan-gxi’ s regin;One year later , he visited Chu （ currently central China and part of west China ）; His final long journey was a revisit to the Capital during the twelfth and thirteenth years under Kangxi ’ s reign .Besides , e-ven when he was 68 years old, being sick and poverty-stricken, he had a trip to Huzhou city.A travel is most probably a happy event for most people , while for Liweng , it was a bitter experience;A journey is to see the world and enrich their life experiences , or to appreciate the splendid scenery of the Nature without worrying a-bout accommodations for others , while for Liweng , a journey was to find food , just like herdsmen , who have to“move from place to place in search of water and grass”;Others travel because they have to “help digestion”with a full stomach, while Liweng had to go out for food, with an empty stomach, which, as he indicated in his works ,“travelling around China driven by hunger”.It is sure that there were joys following hard life , as he said “hunger drove me to travel around, I, however , enjoyed places of scenic beauty”; by travelling a-round , he harvested not only food , but also literary works and friendship .To sum up , bitterness accompanied by joys in his travelling .