论美国政府信息公开中商业秘密信息免除公开的司法审查

The Judicial Review of Confidential Business Information in American Government's Information Disclosure

美国《信息自由法》对商业秘密信息免除公开作了明确具体的限制性规定,商业秘密分为贸易秘密和商业或金融信息,并在司法实践中分别采取不同的认定标准。同时,联邦法院在司法审查中总结出审查商业秘密文件的决策树,文件的保密地位与申请人的身份、动机无关,以及在司法审查中证明责任、审理方式等方面的特殊性。文章主要探讨美国商业秘密文件免除公开的认定标准和司法审查方法对我国政府信息公开司法审查实践的启示意义。

The freedom of information act has made a clear, specific and restrictive provision to the exemption for confidential business information, and confidential business information is divided into two parts, trade secrets and commercial or financial information. However, these two kinds of information are divided by different standards in judicial practice. At the same time, federal court has summarized a Decision Tree to review confi- dential business information in judicial review. The confidential status of document is irrelevant to the identity and motivation of applicant, and it is also unrelated to the specificity of proof burden and trial method in judi- cial review. Discussing the judging standard and trial method of the exemption for American confidential business information will enlighten the practice of judicial review to information disclosure of our state government.