重离六爻,偏正回互——曹洞宗禅学的易学基础

Influence of the Zhou Changes upon the Caodong School of Buddhism

禅宗是中国化最为彻底的佛教宗派,学界以往在谈论禅宗中国化特色的时候都是将眼光集中于其对儒家和道家的吸收上,而没有关注作为中国文化"群经之首"的《易经》及其易学在禅宗中国化过程中的作用。实际上,作为禅宗的宗派之一,曹洞宗在佛学理论上的最大特点就是在禅宗"不立文字"的框架下援引《易经》元素以及易学思想来阐释禅学,其历代祖师前赴后继"依易说禅",自成一统。曹洞宗不用印度佛学的概念而用中国本土的易学来言说禅学,这是曹洞宗对于佛教中国化的一大贡献,而且这对于我们今天在实现"中国梦"的过程中如何运用周易的道理来进一步发展包括佛教在内的中国文化有着深刻的启迪意义。

The Chan Sect of Buddhism is the most thoroughly sinicized sect of Buddhism. When discussing its feature of sinicization, in the past the academic circle always focused on its assimilation of Confucianism and Daoism and ignored the role of the Zhou Changes, which in fact is considered to be the first of the Confucian classics, in the course of sinicization of Buddhism. As a matter of fact, as one school of the Chan Sect of Buddhism, the Caodong School is mostly characterized by its adoption of the elements of the Classic of Changes under the frame of ＂no establishment of words＂ when interpreting Bud- dhism, and this tradition was transmitted from one generation to another within the school, forming a special interpretive system. Employing Chinese indigenous Yi learning rather than the concepts in Indian Buddhism when discoursing on Buddhism is a great contribution of the school to the sinicization of Buddhism, significant in inspiring us at present in the course of realization of ＂Chinese dreams＂ how better to apply the principles conceived in the Zhou Changes to further development of Chinese culture including Buddhism.